Background: The Sayula sub-basin presents a complex landscape composed of plants communities that to date have not been studied in a timely manner, so this study contributes to the knowledge of the flora and vegetation of the area and the State.Question: i) How many and which families, genera and species are in the Sayula sub-basin? ii) What are the main biological forms of the species? iii) Are there species under any category of protection? iv) How many vegetation types are present within the region?Studied species: Ferns, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Study site and years of study: The Sayula sub-basin, Jalisco, Mexico; from February 2012 to October 2015. Methods: Through the literature review and field work the floristic checklist was elaborated. In addition, with the use of geographic information systems, a map of land use and vegetation was made.Results: A total of 687 species were recorded, including 415 genera and 113 families. The five main families were Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae Solanaceae and Euphorbiaceae representing 42.6 % of the total species and 36.6 % of the genera. It should be noted that the predominant biological forms were herbs with 409, 105 shrubs and 74 trees. On the other hand, 47 species registered under some protection category of which, only one species Cleomella jaliscensis is endemic to the region. Finally, eight vegetation types were determined, being the tropical deciduous forest the one that occupies greater surface and presents greater floristic diversity. Conclusions:It is important to emphasize that during the realization of the work, agricultural activities were detected affecting the flora and vegetation, threatening the biodiversity and the natural balance of the region.Key words: Floristic richness, phytogeography, plant communities, western Mexico. ResumenAntecedentes: La subcuenca Sayula, presenta un complejo paisaje conformado de comunidades vegetales que a la fecha, no han sido estudiadas de manera puntual, por lo que este estudio contribuye al conocimiento de la flora y vegetación de la zona y del Estado.Pregunta: i) ¿Cuántas y cuáles familias, géneros y especies se encuentran en la Subcuenca Sayula? ii) ¿Cuales son las principales formas biológicas que presentan las especies? iii) ¿Existen especies bajo alguna categoría de protección? iv) ¿Cuantos tipos de vegetación se presentan dentro de la región? Especies de estudio: Helechos, Gimnospermas y Angiospermas. Sitios de estudio y años de estudio: La subcuenca Sayula, Jalisco, México; desde febrero de 2012 hasta octubre de 2015.Métodos: Mediante la revisión de literatura y trabajo de campo se elaboró el listado florístico. Además, con el uso de sistemas de información geográfica se realizó un mapa de uso de suelo y vegetación.Resultados: Se registraron un total de 687 especies, incluidas en 415 géneros y 113 familias. Las cinco principales familias fueron Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae Solanaceae y Euphorbiaceae que representan el 42.6 % del total de las especies y el 36.6 % de los géneros. Cabe resaltar que ...
Proposing animal models that allow predicting results in humans becomes critical when the analogies in physiology between both entities are reviewed. About heart disease, the heart rate in humans is more similar to that of chickens than that of the mouse, rat or other mammalian models generally used to study this disease. In the present work, the ethology on the attraction of chickens to earthworms as a food source was reviewed, in addition hematological, organ and urological parameters were measured in chickens fed with double and triple the protein percentage supplied with Eisenia foetida live added to the feed. commercial for the Cobb500 line. The results show a marked attraction depending on the nutritional status of the birds for Eisenia foetida and differences in hematological parameters, but not for urological parameters. The morphological characteristics of the heart showed a clear association between three times the protein load in the food and cardiac damage in 2 of 7 animals fed during 7 weeks of study. The present work represents the first contribution with the animal model approach in chickens to study cardiac damage and its possible prediction for humans.
Air pollution is a problem that large cities face inefficiently and its health impacts are evident and poorly evaluated in Mexico, its origin is emission of vehicles, industry and various combustion processes. In the metropolitan area of Guadalajara called El Salto, there are problems with suspended particles, and the objective of this study was to evaluate the number and size of said location by means of a videocontroller of particles at that location, in 25 sampling points at a measurement interval which was 0.3 µm to 10.0 µm in six sizes (0.3µm - 0.5µm - 1µm - 2.5µm - 5.0µm - 10.0µm), this being the first methodological approach in the area. The results show a very homogeneous distribution for each of the 6 measured particle sizes, the largest number corresponds in 90% to the particles of respirable fraction, of aerodynamic diameter 0.3μm and 0.5μm called ultra fine, which pass into the bloodstream, responding to the same distribution pattern at all sampling points. The particles of 0.3µm and 0.5µm have reference values in the precautionary range in 28%, the particles 2.5, 5.0 and 10, have reference values in the precautionary range in 44%, the elaborated maps show the distribution of the particles in the study area.
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