The aeronautics industry’s competitiveness has led to the need to increase productivity with one shot drilling (OSD) systems capable of drilling stacks of dissimilar materials (fibre/metal laminates, FML) in order to reduce riveting times. Among the materials that constitute the current aeronautical models, composite materials and aluminium (Al) and titanium (Ti) alloys stand out. These one-pass machining techniques produce high-quality holes, especially when all the elements that have to be joined are made of the same material. This work has followed a conventional OSD strategy and the same cutting conditions applied to CFRP (carbo-fibre-reinforced polymer), Al and CFRP/Al stacked sheets to know the wear mechanisms produced. With this purpose, results were obtained by using current specific techniques, such as microstructural analysis, monitoring of the shear forces and analysis of macrogeometric deviations. It has been determined that when these drilling techniques are applied under the same cutting conditions to stacks of materials of a different nature, the results of the wear mechanisms acting on the tool differ from those obtained when machining each material separately. This article presents a comparison between the effects of tool wear during dry drilling of CFRP and UNS A97075 plates separately and when machined as stacks.

The use of adhesive layers can improve the properties and reduce the defects produced in the interfaces. This provides adherence to the structure, adapting the joining surfaces and avoiding spaces between the layers. However, the presence of the adhesive can potentiate the defects caused during drilling. In turn, a loss of adhesive in the interface can occur during machining affecting the final structure. This work has followed a conventional OSD strategy in CFRP and UNS A92024 aluminium sheet stacking with adhesive. A series of dry drilling tests have been developed with different cutting conditions and new noncoated WC-Co helical cutting tools. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical analyses and surface response models have been applied to determine the mechanical behaviour in the holes. For this purpose, the dimensional deviation, surface quality, and adhesive loss in the interface in relation to the number of holes have been considered. A combination of cutting parameters that minimizes the evaluated defects has been found. Diametric deviations and surface qualities below 2% and 3.5 µm have been measured in the materials that make up the stack with cutting speeds higher than 140 m/min and feed rates between 200 and 250 mm/min. However, the greatest adhesive losses occur at high cutting speeds.

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Photogrammetry is a technique used for studying and precisely defining the shape, dimension, and position in space of any object, using mainly measurements taken over one or more photographs of that object. Today, photogrammetry is a popular science due to its ease of application, low cost, and good results. Based on these causes, it is becoming a good alternative to scanning. This has led to its implementation in different sectors such as the archeological, architectural, and topographical for application in element reconstructions, cartography, or biomechanics. This chapter presents the fundamental aspects of this technology, as well as its great possibilities of application in the engineering field.