Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia is one of the most common pulmonary complications after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We describe the high resolution CT (HRCT) findings of 13 patients with CMV pneumonia diagnosed after allogenic BMT. The study included 13 consecutive patients who developed CMV pneumonia after BMT and who had HRCT of the chest performed within 24 h of the onset of symptoms. HRCT scans were reviewed by two radiologists who assessed pattern and distribution of findings. There were nine male and four female patients, ranging from 9 years to 56 years of age (mean age 33 years). BMT was performed for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (54%), severe aplastic anaemia (23%), acute myelogenous leukaemia (15%) and Fanconi's anaemia (8%). The time elapsed until diagnosis ranged from +18 days to +405 days (median of 54 days, mean +81.6 days). The predominant patterns of abnormality on HRCT scans were ground-glass opacities (69%), small centrilobular nodules (69%) and air-space opacities (54%). The abnormalities were distributed in the central and peripheral zones of the lungs in six cases, only in the periphery in four cases, and only in the central zone in three cases. In all cases the lung lesions were bilateral, and asymmetry was observed in seven cases. The authors conclude that the most common HRCT findings in patients with CMV pneumonia after BMT consist of bilateral asymmetric ground-glass, air-space opacities and small centrilobular nodules.

The most common high-resolution CT findings in patients with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation consist of small centrilobular nodules and multifocal areas of consolidation and ground-glass opacities in a bilateral asymmetric distribution.

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Background: The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of autosomal dominant degenerative diseases characterized by cerebellar ataxia. Classified according to gene discovery, specific features of the SCAs-clinical, laboratorial, and neuroradiological (NR)-can facilitate establishing the diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to review the particular NR abnormalities in the main SCAs. Methods: We conducted a literature search on this topic. Results: The main NR characteristics of brain imaging (magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography) in SCAs were: (1) pure cerebellar atrophy; (2) cerebellar atrophy with other findings (e.g., pontine, olivopontocerebellar, spinal, cortical, or subcortical atrophy; "hot cross bun sign", and demyelinating lesions); (3) selective cerebellar atrophy; (4) no cerebellar atrophy. Discussion: The main NR abnormalities in the commonest SCAs, are not pathognomonic of any specific genotype, but can be helpful in limiting the diagnostic options. We are progressing to a better understanding of the SCAs, not only genetically, but also pathologically; NR is helpful in the challenge of diagnosing the specific genotype of SCA.

-Medulloblastoma is a brain tumor of neuroepithelial origin, which represents 15 to 30% of all pediatric brain tumors, and less than 1% of CNS adult neoplasms. We report the imaging findings of 8 adult patients with medulloblastoma. The mean age was 35 years, ranging from 20 to 65 years, and the male:female rate was 3:5. The tumors were predominantly lateral (63%), hyperdense on CT scans (83%), and on the MRI, hypointense on T1 (100%) and hyperintense on T2 (80%) weighted images. It was seen intratumoral necrosis and cysts in six cases and calcifications in three. Hydrocephalus was observed in 5 cases and brain stem invasion in four. The imaging findings of medulloblastomas in adults are different of those in child, and also nonspecific. Although these tumors are uncommon in adults, they must be considered in the differential diagnosis of cerebellar masses in the posterior fossa of this age group.KEY WORDS: medulloblastoma, adults, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging.Meduloblastoma cerebelar em adultos: achados de TC e RM em oito casos Meduloblastoma cerebelar em adultos: achados de TC e RM em oito casos Meduloblastoma cerebelar em adultos: achados de TC e RM em oito casos Meduloblastoma cerebelar em adultos: achados de TC e RM em oito casos Meduloblastoma cerebelar em adultos: achados de TC e RM em oito casos RESUMO -O meduloblastoma é um tumor de origem neuroepitelial, que representa entre 15 e 30% dos tumores cerebrais em crianças e menos de 1% das neoplasias intracranianas em adultos. Apresentamos os achados de imagem de 8 pacientes adultos com meduloblastoma. A média de idade foi 35 anos, variando entre 20 e 65 anos, e a relação homem:mulher foi 3:5. Os tumores foram predominantemente laterais (63%), hiperdensos na tomografia computadorizada (83%), e, na ressonância magnética, hipointensos nas imagens ponderadas em T1 (100%) e hiperintensos nas ponderadas em T2 (80%). Necrose e cistos intratumorais foram observados em seis casos e calcificações em três. Cinco pacientes apresentavam hidrocefalia e quatro tinham invasão neoplásica do tronco cerebral. Os achados de imagem dos meduloblastomas em adultos são inespecíficos e diferentes daqueles que acometem crianças. Apesar destes tumores serem incomuns em adultos, eles devem sem considerados no diagnóstico diferencial de massas cerebelares na fossa posterior de pacientes neste grupo etário.

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The tomographic method for the analysis of orbital volume using the Ono protocol yielded consistent values, and by combining this method with rapid prototyping, both reliability validations of results were enhanced.