Ñåðèÿ «Гуманитарные, социально-экономические и общественные науки» история Мордовии деЯтеЛЬноСтЬ ПоЛитиЧеСкиХ органиЗаЦиЙ мордовСкого краЯ накануне ПервоЙ роССиЙСкоЙ ревоЛЮЦии С. в. кистанов В статье рассматривается деятельность эсеров на территории современной республики Мордовия в 1903 г.; отмечаются масштаб и различные формы революционной деятельности при преимущественном распространении местными эсерами нелегальной литературы.
Introduction. In the face of the loss of vast territories at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, human resources, including the NKVD and the NKGB staff became the most important value, which were supposed to fight against violations of law and ensure state security in new places. The purpose of the article is to study the quantitative and qualitative composition of officers of the internal affairs and security bodies which were evacuated to the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from the Union republics of the USSR in July – October 1941. Materials and Methods. The source base of the study was made up of materials extracted from the fund of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Mordovian ASSR of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Mordovia. The methodology of the work is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency, historical-genetic and idiographic methods, as well as quantitative analysis. Results. In the course of the study data was analyzed on where the evacuated personnel of law enforcement officers came to the MASSR, as well as the dynamics of the arrival of the evacuees by months, the timing of their stay on the territory of Mordovia. Discussion and Conclusion. The Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in July – October 1941 of the Great Patriotic War deployed on its territory 1 868 officers of internal affairs and state security agencies and their family members. The largest number of officers of the internal affairs and state security bodies came from the Ukrainian SSR; in second place was the Byelorussian SSR, in third one – the Lithuanian USSR. Much smaller number of employees were evacuated to Mordovia from the Latvian, Estonian, Moldavian and Karelo-Finnish Union republics. Many officers of the internal affairs and state security bodies were evacuated to the MASSR worked together at their former places of service. It could have a positive effect on the effective work of the newly reconstructed structures in the long run. Most of the officers of the bodies stayed on the territory of the MASSR for two months, after which they were sent to new places of service.
Introduction. The article is devoted to the nomenclature analysis of the command leadership of the internal affairs and state security bodies evacuated from the Union Republics of the USSR to the Mordovian ASSR in 1941. Materials and Methods. Within the framework of this study, materials located in the Central State archive of the Republic of Mordovia were used. To analyze the materials presented in the study, general scientific methods of analysis and systematization and specific historical methods were used: historical-genetic and historical-typological. Results. As part of the study, a conditional separation of the command staff of the evacuated employees of the internal affairs and state security bodies was carried out, then their analysis was carried out by positions at the previous duty station. Within the subcategories, the differentiation of employees by groups of similar positions was carried out and conclusions were drawn on the significance of these employees in wartime conditions. It should be noted that a significant number of senior staff arrived in the Mordovian ASSR from the Sumy region of the Ukrainian SSR, which was provided for by the evacuation plan. Discussion and Conclusions. The study has allowed us to confirm the importance of high-ranking evacuated law enforcement officers, which was confirmed by the short period of their stay in evacuation (1-2 months). A more detailed layout of senior staff by position allowed us to identify patterns for the most important evacuated “specialties” of the security forces.
Introduction. The study of the agrarian movement on the eve of the establishment of Soviet power in the regions of Russia is important in the light of determining the role of the peasantry in the process of coming into power of the Bolsheviks. It quite clearly demonstrates the polarization of social forces in the Russian village on the eve of the decisive events of the great Russian revolution in 1917, Therefore, the growth of the agrarian movement in the country during the period under review evidence of the crisis caused by the absence of a decision by the authorities of the agrarian question that occupies a prominent place in Russian social and political consciousness of the early twentieth century. Materials and Methods. The study uses the materials of the Central state archive of the Republic of Mordovia, as well as scientific literature. The main method of research used in the work is historical-genetic. A micro-historical approach is also used for a more detailed insight into the subject of the study. Results. The article deals with the direction of agricultural movement in the Saransk district through the prism of confrontation between the rich and poor parts of the village. It notes the main purpose of the agrarian-peasant movement: the landlords, the kulaks, the farmers. Forms of the agrarian movement directed against “the high society” of village are considered, and also the property damage caused to owners is stated. The study notes that the peasantry dissatisfied with the protracted solution of the agricultural issue by the Provisional government has moved to radical methods of “black redistribution”. The wealthy part of the village in these conditions was without protection from the district authorities which by the autumn in 1917 did not have any power or authority among the local population, which predetermined the success of peasant actions against “the high society”. Discussion and Conclusion. As a result of the conducted research the circle of victims in the period of “peasant revolt” in autumn 1917 in the territory of Saransk district of Penza province is revealed. Forms of influence in relation to each category of rural owners are defined. Also it notes the hopelessness of the situation of “the high society” of village against the background of the crisis of local authorities on the eve of the establishment of Soviet power.
Introduction. The relevance of the topic is related to the preservation of the significant role of the individual in the development of education. The head of the department, as one of the key structural divisions of the higher educational institution, has played an important role in the implementation of the scientific and pedagogical tasks of the university and the reproduction of teaching staff. Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the socio-cultural perspective of the study of the life activity of educational actors, which involves taking into account the social, cultural, spiritual and moral factors of the formation of the personality of a higher school teacher and studying the impact of this personality on the development of education. The study is historical and biographical in nature, contains elements of the direction of social history. Results. The scientific and pedagogical path of the two heads of the Department of the History of the Motherland (until 1991 – the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union) is also shown in the context of the development of the department as a structural unit of the university, the higher school in the republic. The socio-cultural conditions for the formation of personal and professional qualities of two teachers, scientists, heads of the department, their role in the development of one of the most important structural divisions of the university are revealed. Discussion and Conclusions. Continuity of personnel, preservation of traditions, and transfer of experience are important for all spheres of society, and especially for the sphere of science and education. On the example of the activity of the personalities of the two heads of the department, the implementation of the continuity of managerial, methodological, pedagogical principles of teaching and management of the structural unit of the university is illustrated.
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