The new COVID-19 infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has become a huge blow to the global economy and politics, revealing numerous shortcomings of the healthcare system of almost all world states. Among all categories of citizens, medical workers are one of the most vulnerable to the risk of infection, which is due to a number of reasons: prolonged contact with COVID-19 patients, high labor intensity and chronic stress. In accordance with the legislation, cases of infection of medical workers with SARS-CoV-2 in the course of performing work duties are occupational diseases. However, the diagnosis of an occupational infectious disease belongs to the category of the most complex expert issues. We have analyzed cases of establishing a link between the death of medical workers in the performance of work duties as a result of infection with SARS-CoV-2. The experts came to the conclusion that with the accumulation of information and practical experience in the conditions of a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection, the regulatory framework and the work of the occupational pathology service are improving. This ensures the preservation of the health of the working population, as the main direction of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of labor relations.
Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the continuous high prevalence of smoking tobacco products among the working population. The aim is to assess the prevalence of smoking tobacco use among the working population of the Saratov region. Materials and methods. In frames of the cross-sectional study, four hundred fifty three employees of various industrial enterprises of the Saratov region who underwent periodic medical examination at the occupational diseases clinic of the Saratov Hygiene Center of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “MRC (Medical Research Center) of Medical and Preventive Technologies for Public Health Risk Management”, were surveyed, including 280 men (63.8%) and 173 women (38.2%). The average age was 50.5 years. The results of the study were statistically processed using the software Statistica 10. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney method was used to compare two independent samples. Results. The prevalence of tobacco smoking was 38.6% among men and 13.3% among women. More than half of those who used tobacco products belonged to the group of “trained” smokers - 66.7% of men and 56.5% of women, the majority of employees (79.4%) smoked more than 10 cigarettes a day. The main reason for giving up smoking was the state of health (65.2%). 8.7% and 9.9% of non-smoking respondents were found to be exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke at home and at work respectively. The frequency of use of other types of smoking products has been studied. Limitations. The study has regional (Saratov region) and professional (employees of industrial enterprises) limitations. Conclusion. Despite the complex of anti-smoking measures people of working age remain highly committed to the use of tobacco smoking products. Smoking of tobacco products and electronic means of heating tobacco is important to take into account when developing and carrying out preventive measures, including during periodic medical examinations of the able-bodied population.
Introduction. Many cardiovascular risk factors are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is recognized as one of the predictors of cardiovascular diseases. Considering non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to be asymptomatic for a long time, it is very important to determine the relationships between various factors involved in the formation of pathology to early detect and prevent cardiovascular diseases in people of working age. Materials and methods. As part of a cross-sectional study, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in metalworking workers was studied. The body mass index, lipid profile indicators, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, liver ultrasound results, lipid accumulation index, physical activity were analyzed. Results. The study revealed the presence of liver steatosis in 37% of the study participants. In 19%, liver steatosis was detected with a normal body mass index with a predominance in the “elderly” group; the values of the lipid profile are statistically significantly higher in the group of people diagnosed with liver steatosis: total cholesterol (p <0.001), triglycerides (p <0.001), atherogenicity index (p <0.001); and hyperglycemia (p <0.001). The coefficient of lipid accumulation increases with age, presence of steatosis, and obesity. In the group of persons with hepatic steatosis, persons with low physical activity significantly predominate. Limitations. The study has regional (Saratov region) and occupational (workers of the metalworking industry) limitations. Conclusion. The results of the study showed a high prevalence of liver steatosis among metalworking workers, mainly in elderly men. The established interrelations of the studied cardiovascular risk factors confirm significant cardiometabolic disorders in metalworking workers, which, under conditions of additional exposure to production factors, can potentiate the development of cardiovascular diseases and their complications, cause fatal cases, including at work.
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