Bacterial infections are a severe medical problem, especially in traumatology, orthopedics, and surgery. The local use of antibiotics-elution materials has made it possible to increase the effectiveness of acute infections treatment. However, the infection prevention problem remains unresolved. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of polylactic acid (PLA) “smart” films with microchamber arrays. These microchambers contain ceftriaxone as a payload in concentrations ranging from 12 ± 1 μg/cm2 to 38 ± 8 μg/cm2, depending on the patterned film thickness formed by the different PLA concentrations in chloroform. In addition, the release profile of the antibiotic can be prolonged up to 72 h in saline. At the same time, on the surface of agar plates, the antibiotic release time increases up to 96 h, which has been confirmed by the growth suppression of the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The efficient loading and optimal release rate are obtained for patterned films formed by the 1.5 wt % PLA in chloroform. The films produced from 1.5 and 2 wt % PLA solutions (thickness—0.42 ± 0.12 and 0.68 ± 0.16 µm, respectively) show an accelerated ceftriaxone release upon the trigger of the therapeutic ultrasound, which impacted as an expansion of the bacterial growth inhibition zone around the samples. Combining prolonged drug elution with the on-demand release ability of large cargo amount opens up new approaches for personalized and custom-tunable antibacterial therapy.

The article presents the result of the analysis of factors that presumably affect the eating behavior of young people. The study involved 197 students of the Saratov State Law Academy of 1–2 courses of study. The study of the eating behavior of young people was carried out using an adapted questionnaire, which includes questions about the nature of the diet, the mode and frequency of food intake, the frequency of consumption of foods saturated with fiber, as well as junk food (sweets, fast food, sweet carbonated drinks, instant products, semi-finished products). The following factors were selected as factors presumably capable of influencing the eating behavior of the study participants: satisfaction of study participants with their own weight; the level of material well-being of young people; regular exercise; the frequency of psycho-emotional stress; awareness of students about the rules of eating behavior; intrafamily microclimate; subjective assessment of the eating behavior of the parents of the study participants. The data obtained indicate a high prevalence of eating disorders among young people, as evidenced by the frequency of eating disorders, insufficient frequency of food intake (less than 3 times a day), the frequency of eating unhealthy foods, rare consumption of foods saturated with fiber. The established correlations may indicate a positive influence on the eating behavior of such factors as a high level of material well-being, sports, adherence to the correct eating behavior of the parents of the study participants. At the same time, a high frequency of psychoemotional stress, as well as frequent intra-family conflicts, can have a negative impact. Thus, the results obtained indicate the need for an integrated approach in solving the problem associated with the high prevalence of eating disorders among young people, which is based on various factors.

Полученный авторским способом, обеспечивающим максимальный выход флавоноидов, экстракт аврана обладает одновременно высокой противовоспалительной, избирательной антимикробной (выраженной в отношении Staphylococcus аureus, Pseudomonas аeruginosa) и жаропонижающей активностью. Преимуществами предлагаемого лекарственного экстракта служат низкая токсичность, доступность растительного сырья, а также широкий спектр его терапевтических эффектов.

Infectious sequelae caused by surgery are a significant problem in modern medicine due to their reduction of therapeutic effectiveness and the patients’ quality of life.Recently, new methods of local antimicrobial prophylaxis of postoperative sequelae have been actively developed. They allow high local concentrations of drugs to be achieved, increasing the antibiotic therapy’s effectiveness while reducing its side effects. We have developed and characterized antimicrobial hydrogels based on an inexpensive and biocompatible natural substance from the dairy industry—whey protein isolate—as matrices for drug delivery. The release of cefazolin from the pores of hydrogel structures directly depends on the amount of the loaded drug and occurs in a prolonged manner for three days. Simultaneously with the antibiotic release, hydrogel swelling and partial degradation occurs. The WPI hydrogels absorb solvent, doubling in size in three days and retaining cefazolin throughout the duration of the experiment. The antimicrobial activity of cefazolin-loaded WPI hydrogels against Staphylococcus aureus growth is prolonged in comparison to that of the free cefazolin. The overall cytotoxic effect of cefazolin-containing WPI hydrogels is lower than that of free antibiotics. Thus, our work shows that antimicrobial WPI hydrogels are suitable candidates for local antibiotic therapy of infectious surgical sequelae.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the most urgent problems of the modern medical community. Despite the introduction of constantly updated schemes of early diagnosis and treatment into practical medicine, there is still an upward trend in the number of cases, under-examined persons, and prognostically unfavorable outcomes. The review highlights the findings of epidemiological studies confirming the widespread prevalence of the disease, accompanied by rapid disability progression, high mortality, and significant economic damage. The review lists the main exogenous and endogenous risk factors for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including occupational etiology. Attention is drawn to the possibility of disease prevention in a professional environment with the proper motivation of the patient and the application of economic efforts. The article discusses the main causes of underdiagnosis and late diagnosis of the disease. Lifestyle modification makes an undeniable contribution to the prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and improving prognosis in the developed disease. Certain psychological characteristics that reduce adherence to treatment of such patients should be considered in organizing the management of this category of persons and creating special schools. It is important to create a classification of endotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as sufficient public awareness about this disease with the aim of the earliest possible diagnosis.

The article describes the main stages of the formation and development of sanitary care in the Saratov province at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The authors cite data on the activities of the provincial medical board of the Order of Public Charity on providing medical assistance and measures to combat epidemics to the population in the first half of the 19th century, before the introduction of zemstvo. The article shows the role of medical societies (the physico-medical society, the society of sanitary doctors and the military sanitary society) in the development of sanitary care and in the fight against infectious diseases and their prevention. It also describes the influence of the decisions of the provincial congresses of territorial doctors, the sanitary bureau, medical sanitary councils and the executive sanitary committee upon the organisation of sanitary and anti-epidemic measures and preventative vaccinations against smallpox and diphtheria. The article studies the personal contribution of prominent representatives of provincial medicine, I.I. Molleson and N.I.Tezyakov, who made a significant contribution to improving the forms and methods of organising and developing sanitary work in the Saratov province at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. It shows the role of scientists of the medical faculty of the Saratov University in studying the aetiology and improving the diagnosis and treatment of typhus in the early 1920s. The authors note a positive dynamic in the development of sanitary care during this period, as evidenced by the characteristic improvement in the epidemiological situation in the Saratov province.

The new COVID-19 infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has become a huge blow to the global economy and politics, revealing numerous shortcomings of the healthcare system of almost all world states. Among all categories of citizens, medical workers are one of the most vulnerable to the risk of infection, which is due to a number of reasons: prolonged contact with COVID-19 patients, high labor intensity and chronic stress. In accordance with the legislation, cases of infection of medical workers with SARS-CoV-2 in the course of performing work duties are occupational diseases. However, the diagnosis of an occupational infectious disease belongs to the category of the most complex expert issues. We have analyzed cases of establishing a link between the death of medical workers in the performance of work duties as a result of infection with SARS-CoV-2. The experts came to the conclusion that with the accumulation of information and practical experience in the conditions of a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection, the regulatory framework and the work of the occupational pathology service are improving. This ensures the preservation of the health of the working population, as the main direction of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of labor relations.

Data on the synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some furfurylidene-containing hexahydroindazoles with pharmacophore fragments (furan and pyrazoline cycles, nitro-, azomethine, and other groups) are presented. The target hexahydroindazoles were obtained with 74 -90% yields using reactions of hydrazines (hydrazine hydrate, phenylhydrazine) with nonsymmetric 2-furfurylidene-6-arylidenecyclohexanones with or without electron donor/acceptor substituents in the furan (CH 3 , NO 2 ) and phenyl (3-NO 2 ) cycles. The structure of the synthesized compounds was established by IR and 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The synthesized hexahydroindazoles and chalcones exhibit antimicrobial activity against St. aureus, E. coli, Pr. mirabilis, and Ps. aeruginosa. In particular, 2,3-diphenyl-7-(5-nitrofurfurylidene)-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydroindazole exhibits a high selectivity with respect to St. aureus.