Résumé -L'effet de la forme de l'inoculum (obtenu sur tourbe-vermiculite ou par inclusion dans l'alginate) de Tricholoma tridentinum var. cedretorum et Hebeloma sinapizans sur la mycorhization de semis du Cèdre de l'Atlas, cultivés sur un substrat minéral, a été expérimenté en conditions contrôlées. L'utilisation de mycélium de T. tridentinum développé sur tourbe-vermiculite permet d'obtenir des degrés de mycorhization supérieurs à ceux enregistrés en employant du mycélium du même champignon inclus dans l'alginate, un an après l'inoculation. Le résultat inverse a été obtenu avec H. sinapizans. Les pourcentages d'apex mycorhizés et les teneurs en mycélium viable des racines des plants inoculés par T. tridentinum ont été supérieurs à ceux des plants inoculés avec H. sinapizans. L'obtention de mycorhizes à l'aide d'inocula mycéliens, a été réalisée sur le Cèdre de l'Atlas dans des conditions contrôlées et reproductibles. L'inoculation des semis par du mycélium d'H. sinapizans cultivé sur substrat solide a stimulé la biomasse de leurs parties aériennes et racinaires alors que l'inoculum de T. tridentinum, produit sur le même substrat, n'a permis d'augmenter significativement que la biomasse des racines. L'inoculation des plants par du mycélium d'H. sinapizans inclus dans l'alginate n'a été bénéfique que pour la biomasse de leurs parties aériennes. Cedrus atlantica / Tricholoma tridentinum var. cedretorum / mycorhization / inoculum mycélien / ergostérolAbstract -Ectomycorrhization of Cedrus atlantica seedlings under controlled conditions: Efficiency of two forms of mycelial inocula. The effect of two mycelial inocula (mycelia grown in peat-vermiculite saturated by a nutritive medium, or entrapped into alginate) of two ectomycorrhizal species (Tricholoma tridentinum var. cedretorum and Hebeloma sinapizans) was tested, under controlled conditions, on the mycorrhization of Cedar seedlings grown on mineral substrate. One year after inoculation, the percentage of infected root tips and root ergosterol contents were higher with cedars inoculated using T. tridentinum peat-vermiculite inoculum than using alginate one. The opposite results were obtained with H. sinapizans. The degrees of mycorrhization of the seedlings inoculated with T. tridentinum were higher than those of the seedlings inoculated with H. sinapizans. The mycorrhization of Cedrus atlantica seedlings using mycelial inocula was thus performed under controlled conditions which may be reproducible. The consequences of the inoculation of seedlings on their shoot and/or root biomass vary with the inoculum form and fungal species.Cedrus atlantica / Tricholoma tridentinum var. cedretorum / mycorrhization / mycelial inocula / ergosterol
The effect on plant growth of pre-inoculation of Pinus sylvestris with the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) edible basidiomycete Lactarius deliciosus (isolate D45) under controlled conditions, and the development on roots of this basidiomycete, were investigated in gamma-irradiated and unsterilized containers containing different forest soil cores or a perlite-vermiculite mixture. Five months after planting, L. deliciosus mycorrhizal plants exhibited greater growth than the non-mycorrhizal ones in all soil types, i.e. up to a 325% increase in shoot height in the sterilized soils. The experiment demonstrated the dependency of P. sylvestris seedlings upon ECM symbiosis for their survival in gamma-irradiated, microbiologically disturbed soil samples. Furthermore, in two soils, the growth of L. deliciosus-inoculated seedlings was greater in the sterilized soil samples than in the non-sterilized ones, i.e. 46% and 132% increase in shoot height under sterilized soil conditions. In containers randomly sampled from each soil type, the degree of root colonization by the inoculated isolate, calculated as the number of mycorrhizal root tips divided by the total number of root tips x100, ranged from 80% to 35%. Within the short term, the inoculated isolate developed rapidly on roots, dominated, and hampered ectomycorrhiza formation by various unidentified (but not Lactarius) resident ECM fungi in unsterilized soil types. Results indicate that the ECM species L. deliciosus is worth investigating to ascertain if other isolates benefit pine growth like the isolate D45, and are therefore also attractive candidates for forestry applications in the Mediterranean area.
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