We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of shoulder MR arthrography (MRA) acquired in the neutral (N), internal rotation (IR), and external rotation (ER) positions of the shoulder to detect SLAP lesions. Three observers evaluated 130 MRAs to detect SLAP lesions and to calculate labral diastasis in this triple-blinded study. Sensitivity was much higher in the ER (92.5–97.5%) than in the N (60–72.5%) and IR (42.5–52.5%) positions, and the specificity of all the reviewers was 100% in all the positions. The diagnostic accuracy was higher in the ER too (97.7–99.2%). The diastasis length was significantly higher in the ER (median = 2.5–2.8 mm) than in the N (1 mm) and IR (0 mm) positions and was also significantly higher in those patients requiring surgery (p = 0.001). The highest inter-rater agreement values were observed in the ER both in SLAP detection (k = 0.982) and the diastasis length evaluation (ICC = 0.962). The diastasis length threshold in the ER that best separated the patients who did and did not require surgery was 3.1 mm (AUC = 0.833). In 14.6% of the cases, ER enabled the detection of SLAP lesions not identified in the N position. MRA with the ER improves the diagnosis of SLAP lesions and, together with the IR position, provides additional dynamic information about the diastasis of the lesions. It is recommended to perform additional ER and IR scans in the shoulder MRA protocol.
Background and objective Despite olfactory disorders being among the most common neurological complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), their pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated yet. Brain MR imaging is a consolidated method for evaluating olfactory system’s morphological modification, but a few quantitative studies have been published so far. The aim of the study was to provide MRI evidence of olfactory system alterations in patients with COVID-19 and neurological symptoms, including olfactory dysfunction. Methods 196 COVID-19 patients (median age: 53 years, 56% females) and 39 controls (median age 55 years, 49% females) were included in this cross-sectional observational study; 78 of the patients reported olfactory loss as the only neurological symptom. MRI processing was performed by ad-hoc semi-automatic processing procedures. Olfactory bulb (OB) volume was measured on T2-weighted MRI based on manual tracing and normalized to the brain volume. Olfactory tract (OT) median signal intensity was quantified on fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences, after preliminary intensity normalization. Results COVID-19 patients showed significantly lower left, right and total OB volumes than controls ( p < 0.05). Age-related OB atrophy was found in the control but not in the patient population. No significant difference was found between patients with olfactory disorders and other neurological symptoms. Several outliers with abnormally high OT FLAIR signal intensity were found in the patient group. Conclusions Brain MRI findings demonstrated OB damage in COVID-19 patients with neurological complications. Future longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the transient or permanent nature of OB atrophy in COVID-19 pathology. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-023-11561-0.
Background: Effective communication is a key factor in healthcare, essential for improving process efficiency and quality of care. This is particularly true in new services, e.g., the 3D printing service inside the hospital. Objectives: A web platform, called 3DSCT, has been developed to act as an interface between the three categories of operators involved in 3D printing: physicians, radiologists and engineers. Methods: The 3DSCT platform has been designed using Microsoft Visual Studio Code, enclosing .js scripts and HTML pages with the relative CSS formats. Results: When applied to a real 3D printing service, the 3DSCT platform provided an effective solution that streamlined the process of designing and manufacturing 3D-printed artifacts, from physician’s request through development to printing. Conclusion: By incorporating the platform into the hospital management system, it will be possible to reduce the overall lead time and decrease the waste of time for the operators involved in 3D printing inside the hospital.
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