Background: While salivary gland tumors constitute 5-6% of all head and neck tumors, they constitute 2-3% of all trunk tumors. About 3.8 per 100,000 of parotid tumors are diagnosed in the US each year, about 1300 to 1600 cases. The salivary gland cancer rate is 0.9 per 10000. The frequency of salivary gland tumors varies according to localization. Objective: In our study, we aimed to evaluate retrospectively the histopathological results, incidence, surgical treatment modalities and complications of parotid tumors operated in our clinic. Methods: We examined the patients who were operated for parotid gland tumor. The files of 136 patients who were admitted to the Otorhinolaryngology department of Dicle University Medical Faculty Hospital between January 2010 and April 2020 due to a parotid mass and underwent parotidectomy and whose pathology results were reported as benign or malignant parotid tumors were retrospectively scanned and included in the study. Patients’ age, gender, FNAB cytology result, type of surgery, histopathological results after surgery and complications after surgical treatment were recorded. Results: A total of 136 patients, 73 (53.7%) male and 63 (46.3%) female, were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 48.26±17.37 (min=14, max=83) years. Superficial parotidectomy was performed in 108 (79.4%) patients and total parotidectomy was performed in 28 (20.6%) patients. According to the histopathological results after surgery, 108 (79.4%) benign tumors and 28 (20.6%) malignant tumors were diagnosed. Accordingly, pleomorphic adenoma (47.8%) was the second most common with 65 patients, followed by Whartin tumor (25.7%) with 35 patients. The sensitivity (sensitivity) of FNAB was 85.2%, and the specificity (specificity) was 96.2%. The accuracy of FNAB was found to be 94.0%. Conclusion: Good identification of the parotid mass preoperatively, together with both FNAB and radiological imaging methods, gains much more value in differentiating malignant and benign pathologies. While superficial parotidectomy is mostly sufficient in benign tumors, total parotidectomy-radical parotidectomy in malignant tumors and neck dissection should be considered in high-grade tumors even if there is no neck metastasis. Patients should be evaluated for RT and CT according to the tumor type after surgery.
The aim of this research was to determined the influence of macro balanced fertilization (N 2 :P 1 :K 2) on the soil chemical properties and vertical distribution of nutrients in the root zone of three chestnut orchards planted on soils with different textures (loam, clay loam and sandy loam). In the study, applied N:P:K fertilization increased soil pH in loamy and clay loam soil textures and especially in soil layer of 0-20 cm. This increase was observed in the soil layer of 20-40 cm in sandy soils. The organic matter content of the soil has increased in all textures except the sandy loam texture. however, it decreased depend on increasing soil depth. The applied N, P, and K fertilizers were increased macronutrients significantly as expected in all textures. The fastest increases were determined in the soil layer of 0-20 cm and N and P nutrients. In the vertical distribution of plant nutrients, loamy soil texture stood out. Fine texture soils (loamy and clay loam) had a higher accumulation of macro and micronutrient concentrations available in the 0-20 cm layer compared to sandy loam soil. The results revealed that fine soil textures keep the vertical distribution of plant nutrients more stable compared to sandy soils and the changes were limited in sweet chestnut orchards.
Chestnut is a plant that is grown in limited areas in the world and is profitable for its producer. In spite of this, the determination of nutrient elements and fertilization studies in chestnut orchards are insufficient. This study was carried out to determine the mineral nutritional status of Anatolian chestnuts cultivated in Inegol (Bursa) by soil and leaf analysis. In this research, the soil samples were taken from 25 different chestnut orchards (5 locations) in Inegol district only in April 2012. The chestnut leaves were sampled both in August 2012 and 2013. During both years, chemical and organic fertilization have not been done in the chestnut orchards. In soil samples, texture, pH, total salt, lime (CaCO₃), organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, and copper; In the leaf samples, macro and micro plant nutrient elements were analyzed except boron. The results of the analysis of the leaves and soil samples were compared with the limit values and the nutrient status and nutritional problems of the studied orchards were determined.According to the results, it was determined that the analyzed soils were the mostly coarse-textured, less salty, slightly acidic reaction and inadequate to organic matter and lime. In addition, N, Ca and Mg contents of the soil is very low, the P content is at the limit values and K, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu contents were found to be within the limit values. Also, leaf analysis results show that the plant's nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) are inadequate or below the limit values. However, the contents of micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) remained within their limits.As a result, chestnut trees must be fertilized with macro nutrients for efficient and profitable production.
The aim of this study was to determined effect of different doses of N: P: K applications on fruit yield and some quality traits in Anatolian chestnut in Bursa (Turkey) ecological condition during 2013 and 2014. In the research, triple experimental zones were determined in a 20-year-old chestnut orchard. Each of these experimental zones consisted of 30 trees. As experimental treatments, 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, and 4.4 lb N tree -1 (N application zone; NAZ), 0.55, 1.1, 1.65, and 2.2 lb P tree -1 (P application zone; PAZ), 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, and 4.4 lb K tree -1 (K application zone; KAZ) were applied except for the control dose. The fertilizer doses were applied by mixing to 30 cm depth of tree canopy soil in April. According to analyses of collected, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium affected fruit yield by 30, 31, and 27%, respectively. Total protein increased the fastest at the nitrogen application's zone (NAZ) at an average of 14% rate. The highest increasing in carbohydrate, starch, and invert sugar was recorded as 20, 24, and 18%, respectively at N: P: K application's zone.
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of phosphorus-enriched cattle manure applications on the exchangeable cations content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation rate (BSR) of the lime soil. The research was carried out with five different levels of dairy cattle manure (DM0: 0; DM1: 10; DM2: 20; DM3: 30; DM4: 40 t ha− 1) and with five different levels of phosphorus dose (P0: 0; P1: 10; P2: 20; P3: 30; P4: 40 kg P ha− 1) in the ecological conditions of Southwest Türkiye during the wheat vegetation period of 2019–2021. The study was carried out in medium calcareous soil (14.8%) with three replications randomized blocks experimental by composing organomineral fertilizer combinations. In addition, nitrogen (urea) and potassium (potassium nitrate) fertilizers were also applied as support fertilizers during the wheat vegetation season for two years in the study. According to the results of the study, the highest change in exchangeable Ca and K content in soils was obtained from organomineral fertilizer applications by 11.2% and 29.7% respectively, and the highest change in exchangeable Mg and Na content was obtained from dairy cattle manure applications by 25.1% and 18.2%, respectively. Among the fertilization systems, the highest increase in total exchangeable cations was 13.1% and the increase in CEC was 21.3% in organomineral fertilizer applications. The fastest decrease in the BSR was also obtained from the organomineral fertilization system. As a result, it has been determined that M4P2 application is the most economical and the most effective combination in the cation exchange algorithm among organomineral fertilizer combinations.
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