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The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between the immunohistochemical and histopathological prognostic factors and the metabolic fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) parameters in breast cancer. A total of 94 female patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer (median age: 54.5 years, 94 lesions with size >15 mm) who underwent PET/CT imaging before any treatment were enrolled to this retrospective study. Maximum and average standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVavg), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and tumor/liver uptake ratio (TLR) of the primary tumors were calculated and compared between various histopathological and immunohistochemical prognostic factor groups. All metabolic parameters were associated with clinical T stage, metabolic M stage, and nuclear grade. The MTV, TLG, and TLR were significantly higher in patients with suspected lymph node metastasis. There were significant differences according to estrogen receptor and human epidermal growth factor-2 status in the metabolic values other than MTV. In case of progesterone receptor, there were significant differences in the metabolic characteristics except for the MTV and TLG values. The Ki-67 labeling index was moderately correlated with SUVmax, SUVavg, and TLR. All metabolic characteristics except MTV were significantly higher in triple negative breast cancer compared with the other molecular subtypes. The results of the present study suggest that the TLG and TLR values have stronger associations with several prognostic factors in breast cancer (BC) compared with other metabolic parameters.

This study investigated whether microvessel density (MVD) and mast cell infiltration are related to prognosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and examined the possible role of mast cells in NSCLC angiogenesis. MVD and mast cell infiltration were analysed retrospectively in tumour specimens from 50 patients with primary NSCLC. Immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody anti-CD34 was used to delineate the microvessels and routine Giemsa blue staining was used to assess the number of mast cells. Significant correlations were found between MVD and mast cell infiltration and between MVD and both lymph node metastasis and tumour, node, metastases (TNM) stage. No significant correlations were found with respect to survival for MVD or mast cell infiltration. Multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage and tumour size were independent predictors of survival, suggesting that the TNM staging system remains the most important tool for the estimation of prognosis in NSCLC patients.

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We present a case of a 40-year-old woman with small-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the rectum. She had profuse bleeding in rectum for 5 d. By colonoscopy, polyps were determined in the rectum and biopsies were carried out. Histopathologically, the polyps were adenomatous. Because of the profuse bleeding in rectum, she underwent low anterior resection. After the diagnosis of SCC, she received intravenous chemotherapy with standard doses of siklofosfamid, adriamycin, and vepesid. Nevertheless, intracranial metastases were revealed and she died 6 mo after the operation.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is the association between antiphospholipid antibodies, venous and arterial thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. Although the kidney may be affected in APS, the treatment of renal involvement is yet to be elucidated. This report describes the clinical and laboratory features of four patients with primary APS nephropathy, and the beneficial effect of immunosuppressive therapy accompanied by warfarin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. We also briefly discuss the possible mechanisms of the beneficial effects of immunosuppressives on primary APS nephropathy.