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People with schizophrenia and physiotherapists can choose either yoga or aerobic exercise in reducing acute stress and anxiety taking into account the personal preference of each individual.

Progressive muscle relaxation is highly effective in reducing acute feelings of stress and anxiety in patients with schizophrenia. A reduction in stress and state anxiety is associated with an increase in subjective well-being.

Objectives: To identify and evaluate the recent evidence of physical activity (PA) with or without diet counselling on cardiometabolic parameters in people who have schizophrenia. Methods: Keyword searches were used to identify articles since 2003 up to August 2009 from PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PEDro, DARE, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and PsycINFO. There were no limitations in terms of study design and sample size. Data were extracted from each included study using key items that included participants, study design, intervention modalities, and outcome measures. Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Physical activity with or without diet counselling results in modest weight loss, reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and decreases in fasting plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin. Identifying an optimal dose or intervention strategy for PA is not yet possible. Compliance to PA seems to be an important predictor of the PA response. Discussion: There is evidence that PA with or without diet counselling is feasible and effective in reducing weight and improving obesity-related cardiometabolic risk profile in people with schizophrenia. More research focussing on the effectiveness of different PA interventions in prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome in people with schizophrenia is highly needed.Keywords: metabolic syndrome, physical activity, schizophrenia avolition, social withdrawal and cognitive impairments. The lifetime prevalence is estimated at 1% with a typical onset during adolescence and early adulthood. 3 According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, 4 schizophrenia accounts for 1 . 1% of the total DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) and 2 . 8% for men and 2 . 6% for women of YLDs (years lived with disability). Schizophrenia is listed as the 5th leading cause of DALYs worldwide in the age group 15-44 years.People with schizophrenia have a 20-25 year reduced life expectancy compared to the general population, 5 primarily due to premature 388

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With the advent of genome-wide association studies more is known about genes that influence performance and health-related fitness. Gene therapy has the potential to be abused for performance gain by athletes. This is called gene doping. At the moment there is little known about the opinions of athletes and professionals with regard to the use of gene doping for performance gain. Therefore we found it useful to query the opinions of elite athletes at the Catholic University of Louvain and the professors working at the Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences. We received 75 questionnaires, corresponding to a response rate of 56%. We used SAS Enterprise Guide 4 for the statistical analysis. We performed a frequency analysis and the data were tested using a bilateral Wilcoxon-MannWhitney U test at a significance level of 0.05 to check for differences. We found that a majority of the respondents had already heard of gene doping. Also, people believed it to be a health risk. People thought that pressure from the environment was an important reason why athletes might use gene doping. Gene doping was also considered a threat to fair play.

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