People with schizophrenia and physiotherapists can choose either yoga or aerobic exercise in reducing acute stress and anxiety taking into account the personal preference of each individual.
Progressive muscle relaxation is highly effective in reducing acute feelings of stress and anxiety in patients with schizophrenia. A reduction in stress and state anxiety is associated with an increase in subjective well-being.
Objectives: To identify and evaluate the recent evidence of physical activity (PA) with or without diet counselling on cardiometabolic parameters in people who have schizophrenia. Methods: Keyword searches were used to identify articles since 2003 up to August 2009 from PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PEDro, DARE, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and PsycINFO. There were no limitations in terms of study design and sample size. Data were extracted from each included study using key items that included participants, study design, intervention modalities, and outcome measures. Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Physical activity with or without diet counselling results in modest weight loss, reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and decreases in fasting plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin. Identifying an optimal dose or intervention strategy for PA is not yet possible. Compliance to PA seems to be an important predictor of the PA response. Discussion: There is evidence that PA with or without diet counselling is feasible and effective in reducing weight and improving obesity-related cardiometabolic risk profile in people with schizophrenia. More research focussing on the effectiveness of different PA interventions in prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome in people with schizophrenia is highly needed.Keywords: metabolic syndrome, physical activity, schizophrenia avolition, social withdrawal and cognitive impairments. The lifetime prevalence is estimated at 1% with a typical onset during adolescence and early adulthood. 3 According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, 4 schizophrenia accounts for 1 . 1% of the total DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) and 2 . 8% for men and 2 . 6% for women of YLDs (years lived with disability). Schizophrenia is listed as the 5th leading cause of DALYs worldwide in the age group 15-44 years.People with schizophrenia have a 20-25 year reduced life expectancy compared to the general population, 5 primarily due to premature 388
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