Science has been trying to deal with complex diseases, like cancer, for a long time. Indeed, the side effects of the conventional treatment methods are tremendous, in some cases irreversible. This kind of problems demands a solution. Therefore, novel drug delivery systems are devised to mitigate the negative impacts of conventional ones. Polymeric nanocarrier systems are of great importance in this newly opened field. Polymers having been vastly investigated are common in some properties, such as their being biocompatibility and biodegradability. Generally speaking, a set of properties is required to achieve optimum delivery of drugs to target organs with minimum side effects. To do so, some measures should be taken. First of all, the strategy for release should be determined, categorized into two main branches, active and passive. Next, the drug release method should be engineered. Generally, there are two main categories for drug release, exogenous and endogenous. In this review, some of the chief subcategories of any aforementioned items are discussed. In the end, we catch up on already engineered nanocarriers' administration to the human body, possible toxic effects, if any, and the routes for affecting as a toxin.
The goal of this paper was to study some chemical and physical effects of chitosan nano-hydrogels containing Rhus coriaria on cotton fabric. The finished fabrics showed antimicrobial effects against two pathogenic microorganisms, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and the particle size, as well as the effect of encapsulating sumac extract in chitosan nano-hydrogel on some physical and visual characteristics of fabrics, are then confirmed by using various methods, including antimicrobial testing, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The encapsulation efficiency and release behavior of the samples are also studied. The as-prepared samples with higher sumac content have more ultraviolet (UV) absorbing activity (about 52%) than the un-treated sample, as well as excellent washing fastness and antimicrobial properties after five washing cycles. More specifically, these methods indicated negligible changes in color and thickness of treated cotton fabrics. Finally, the application of cotton fabric along with the synthesis of chitosan nano-hydrogel and sumac loading introduced a novel cotton fabric with high antimicrobial properties, washing fastness and UV protection property.
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