Name of cellulose is referred to a type of natural carbohydrate with many hydroxyl groups and high water absorption capacity. Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer, found as the main constituent of plants (plant cellulose). Some bacteria such as Acetobacter xylinum are also able to synthesize bacterial cellulose. Cellulose-based hydrogels are superabsorbent materials, which make 3D networks. Chemical bonds or other cohesive forces such as hydrogen bonding or ionic interactions connect the cellulose chains together. Hydrogels can swell and absorb water and other aqueous fluids in their 3D networks, but they are insoluble in them. Nowadays, an increasing demand emerges for biodegradable materials and products made from renewable resources such as cellulose. The excellent biocompatibility of cellulose has prompted the large use of cellulose-based personal care products. Cellulose hydrogel is used for these products as the thickener and stabilizing agents or as moisturizing agent to improve the skin feel of the product. Hygienic cellulosic absorbent products such as diapers, panty liners, tampons, paper towels, and tissue papers are used as personal care products. These products are available in different absorbency ratings from junior to ultra-absorbency. Using cellulose-based hydrogel, superabsorbent products are made. In this review, applications of cellulose-based hydrogels in personal care products were reviewed.
The present study deals with preparing stimuli-responsive poly N-isopropyl acryl amide/chitosan (PNCS) nano hydrogel and looks into their effects as a surface modifying system of cotton fabric. The semi-batch surfactant-free emulsion polymerization method was proposed to reduce the size of particle and synthesis of PNCS nano particles. Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering methods confirmed the nano size of synthesized PNCS particles and sensitivity of these nano particles to the different temperature and pH, respectively. The water retention capacity (WRC) and carboxyl content of modified cotton with PNCS nano particles were assessed through the central composite design. The bounded PNCS nano particles to the surface of cotton fabrics made them responsive to these dual stimuli. The results demonstrated the dual effect of BTCA amount on WRC. Increase of the amount of BTCA itself led to the decrease of the WRC of modified cotton, but in the presence of PNCS, WRC was significantly increased.
In this study, the effect of using folic acid on the in situ synthesis process of nanostructures has been investigated. Folic acid, as a biotemplate for synthesis of Cu2O/ZnO, was used to improve the reducing and stabilizing the ability of cotton fabric and avoid agglomeration of the particles. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that using folic acid caused the formation of particles with smaller sizes on the cotton fabric and X‐ray diffraction confirmed the same crystalline pattern of nanoparticles in comparison with the previous synthesis process. The effect of using this biotemplate on different properties of treated fabrics including UV‐protection effect, hydrophilicity, crease recovery angle, softness, thickness and mechanical properties has been evaluated. The folic acid had a great influence on UV‐protection effect, in synthesis procedure, decreasing the droplet absorption time, bending length and improving the wrinkle resistance and mechanical properties. Interestingly, the higher tensile strength of the treated cotton fabrics proved the incorporation of nanoparticles into the cotton fibers. An in situ, green and rapid method can be provided by using folic acid for the synthesis of the nanostructures with controlled size.
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