A distributed nonlinear estimation method based on soft-data-constrained multimodel particle filtering and applicable to a number of distributed state estimation problems is proposed. This method needs only local data exchange among neighboring sensor nodes and thus provides enhanced reliability, scalability, and ease of deployment. To make the multimodel particle filtering work in a distributed manner, a Gaussian approximation of the particle cloud obtained at each sensor node and a consensus propagation-based distributed data aggregation scheme are used to dynamically reweight the particles' weights. The proposed method can recover from failure situations and is robust to noise, since it keeps the same population of particles and uses the aggregated global Gaussian to infer constraints. The constraints are enforced by adjusting particles' weights and assigning a higher mass to those closer to the global estimate represented by the nodes in the entire sensor network after each communication step. Each sensor node experiences gradual change; i.e., if a noise occurs in the system, the node, its neighbors, and consequently the overall network are less affected than with other approaches, and thus recover faster. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified through extensive simulations for a target tracking system which can process both soft and hard data in sensor networks.
In Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), one of the challenging issues is to find an accurate localization information. In this paper, we have addressed this problem by introducing a novel approach based on the idea of cooperative localization. Our proposed scheme incorporates different techniques of localization along with data fusion as well as vehicle-tovehicle communication, to integrate the available data and cooperatively improve the accuracy of the localization information of the vehicles. The simulation results show that sharing the localization information and deploying that of the neighboring vehicles, not only can assure the vehicles in a vicinity to obtain more accurate localization information, but also find the results robust to sensor inaccuracies or even to failures.
Short documents are typically represented by very sparse vectors, in the space of terms. In this case, traditional techniques for calculating text similarity results in measures which are very close to zero, since documents even the very similar ones have a very few or mostly no terms in common. In order to alleviate this limitation, the representation of short-text segments should be enriched by incorporating information about correlation between terms. In other words, if two short segments do not have any common words, but terms from the first segment appear frequently with terms from the second segment in other documents, this means that these segments are semantically related, and their similarity measure should be high. Towards achieving this goal, we employ a method for enhancing document clustering using statistical semantics. However, the problem of high computation time arises when calculating correlation between all terms. In this work, we propose the selection of a few terms, and using these terms with the Nyström method to approximate the term-term correlation matrix. The selection of the terms for the Nyström method is performed by randomly sampling terms with probabilities proportional to the lengths of their vectors in the document space. This allows more important terms to have more influence on the approximation of the term-term correlation matrix and accordingly achieves better accuracy.
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