Previous intersectional research on ethnic minority women has largely focused on inequalities and disadvantages associated with the intersection between their minority gender and ethnic identities. In this study, we challenge the static and dichotomous assumption of the existing intersectionality framework (e.g. privilege versus disadvantage) and adopt Holvino’s intersectional perspective of simultaneity as a theoretical lens through which to demonstrate the importance of understanding intersectionality within various levels of contexts, or contextualising social differences. Interviews with 43 female migrant workers from China, Japan and Korea living in the UK revealed that these women perceived disadvantage in terms of gender/ethnic stereotyping and discriminatory practices at work. At the same time, however, their accounts provided evidence of contextualised privilege, namely ‘relative privilege’ (privilege in comparison to multiple reference groups), ‘assigned privilege’ (privilege assigned by their employers and the host society), and ‘ambiguous privilege’ (privilege as a double-edged sword). Based on these observations, we suggest that the location of East Asian women is not fixed within the interlocking systems of oppression in the host country; rather, this location is dynamic and fluid within interpersonal, organisational and societal contexts in the home and host countries, moving back and forth between disadvantage and (limited) privilege.
This study was conducted to develop a web-based learning contents that assists nursing students' clinical practice on operating room nursing and to examine its learning effects. Based on contents and need analysis, 6 learning modules were developed regarding nursing care in surgical operation and operating equipments. In order to verify the effects of the program, this study employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. Knowledge was significantly higher in experimental group that was enhanced by the web-based learning contents than that of the control group (p<.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in self-directed learning. Experimental group had significantly higher motivation toward learning, which was examined posttest only, compared to control group (p<.001). These results support that the implementation of an web-based learning contents need to be continued as an effective educational material but we need more research to establish how this can be effectively implemented in a students' practicum.
G-SEED(Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design) is the certification system to evaluate environmental friendliness of buildings for the purpose of reducing environmental burden generated from the entire process of buildings, which is classified into 4 grades according to the evaluated score. Green building certification rule regulate to get over green 2nd grade for the public office buildings of 3000 m 2 or more. However, detailed measures on the applied level of each issue to obtain targeted certification grade have not been prepared yet. For each issue, the score distribution and the ratio of score in proportion to credit were analyzed by certification grade for office buildings which get the G-SEED certification. And applied level of issues were presented for each certification grade.
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