We synthesized a zwitterionic dopamine
derivative (ZW-DOPA) containing both catechol and amine groups, and we demonstrated
an excellent marine antifouling
surface by controlling the oxidation of ZW-DOPA.
The oxidation was mediated by the deprotonation of catechol or the
addition of an oxidant (ammonium persulfate (AP) or sodium periodate
(NaIO4)). The oxidation and subsequent molecular transformation
of ZW-DOPA was investigated over time by UV–vis
spectroscopy. Among the different oxidation conditions tested, NaIO4-induced ZW-DOPA coating was the most efficient
and successfully formed on various substrates, such as titanium dioxide,
stainless steel, and nylon. Compared with uncoated substrates, ZW-DOPA-coated substrates showed high resistance to marine
diatom adhesion. Considering the ease of use and substrate independence
of the ZW-DOPA coating, this method shows promise
as a basis for inhibiting marine fouling on a variety of substrates
used in the marine industry and aquatic environments.
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