We synthesized a zwitterionic dopamine derivative (ZW-DOPA) containing both catechol and amine groups, and we demonstrated an excellent marine antifouling surface by controlling the oxidation of ZW-DOPA. The oxidation was mediated by the deprotonation of catechol or the addition of an oxidant (ammonium persulfate (AP) or sodium periodate (NaIO4)). The oxidation and subsequent molecular transformation of ZW-DOPA was investigated over time by UV–vis spectroscopy. Among the different oxidation conditions tested, NaIO4-induced ZW-DOPA coating was the most efficient and successfully formed on various substrates, such as titanium dioxide, stainless steel, and nylon. Compared with uncoated substrates, ZW-DOPA-coated substrates showed high resistance to marine diatom adhesion. Considering the ease of use and substrate independence of the ZW-DOPA coating, this method shows promise as a basis for inhibiting marine fouling on a variety of substrates used in the marine industry and aquatic environments.
Curry stains on clothes and dishes in daily life inspired us to investigate the potential use of turmeric powder, the major ingredient in curry, as a universal coating material. After condition optimization, the coating solution was made by boiling and filtering a turmeric slurry, and the coating was formed at pH 3, leading to the formation of ultrathin, transparent films. Various inorganic and polymeric substrates were successfully coated with turmeric-based materials, including gold, TiO, SiO, glass, stainless steel, indium tin oxide, nylon, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polypropylene, acryl, and poly(ethylene terephthalate). The turmeric-based coating was also applied to poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE, Teflon) and cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), and after double dip-coating, the water contact angle was changed from 118.2° to 49.1° for PTFE and from 91.2° to 44.7° for COC. The water contact angles for the other substrates converged to 35° after coating, confirming the substrate-independent universal coating capability of turmeric. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis indicated the presence of nitrogen in the film, and the possible involvement of amines in film formation was investigated with several amine compounds.
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