Stem cells are defined as a type of cell that have the features of self-renewal, unlimited proliferation capacity, potential of differentiation into other cell types and ability to repair damaged structure when given to damaged tissue. Stem cells are preferred for regenerative medical applications because of their abundance, being easily obtained, ability to proliferate by differentiating into many cell types and being transplantable safely and effectively to recipients. In this review, we introduce mesenchymal stem cells as one of the most important sources of stem cells that have clinical applications and give examples of their usage areas in the clinic and of studies.Keywords: Clinical application; mesenchymal stem cells; stem cell. Stem cells; mesenchymal stem cells and current clinical applications ÖZKök hücreler; kendilerini yenileyebilme, sınırsız çoğalabilme, kendilerinden başka hücrelere farklılaşabilme, hasarlı dokuya verildiğinde hasarlı yapıyı onarabilme özellikleri ile tanımlanan hücre tipidir. Kök hücreler bol miktarda bulunmaları, kolay elde edilebilmeleri, birçok hücre tipine farklılaşarak çoğalabilmeleri, alıcılara güvenli ve etkin bir şekilde nakledilebilmeleri nedeniyle rejeneratif tıp uygulamalarında tercih edilmektedir. Bu derlemede, klinikte uygulamaları bulunan ve en önemli kök hücre kaynaklarından biri olan mezenkimal kök hücreler tanıtılacak, klinikteki kullanım alanları ve çalışmalardan örnekler verilecektir.
Umbilical cord blood is the blood that provides the connection between mother and fetus in order to supply necessary nutrition and oxygen during pregnancy. Discarded umbilical cord usually right after the delivery is a very rich source of stem cells and there is no harm for the mother and the baby to collect it. In this regard, the use of umbilical cord blood, as an alternative to bone marrow, has advantages such as the low risk of graft versus host disease seen after transplantation because of undeveloped immune system of the baby. Noninvasive collection method also eliminates any risk of infection during collection. Besides being used as allogeneic and autologous, its biggest disadvantage is that the number of cells is insufficient for adults. Although being used mainly in hematological disorders, umbilical cord blood is also used in hearth, bone, cartilage, muscle and in the treatment of neurologic disorders as well as immunomodulator.
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