Umbilical cord blood is the blood that provides the connection between mother and fetus in order to supply necessary nutrition and oxygen during pregnancy. Discarded umbilical cord usually right after the delivery is a very rich source of stem cells and there is no harm for the mother and the baby to collect it. In this regard, the use of umbilical cord blood, as an alternative to bone marrow, has advantages such as the low risk of graft versus host disease seen after transplantation because of undeveloped immune system of the baby. Noninvasive collection method also eliminates any risk of infection during collection. Besides being used as allogeneic and autologous, its biggest disadvantage is that the number of cells is insufficient for adults. Although being used mainly in hematological disorders, umbilical cord blood is also used in hearth, bone, cartilage, muscle and in the treatment of neurologic disorders as well as immunomodulator.
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