In this paper, we propose two-hop user-deployable indoor relays for CDMA systems with signal bandwidth 5 MHz or less. We assume concurrent relaying wherein macro base stations (BS) are allowed to transmit when a relay is forwarding. The two-hop indoor relay is studied using a generalized model for outdoor-to-indoor communication in a frequency-selective channel in the presence of co-channel interference. We propose an equalize-and-forward relay that employs multiple-antenna interference-aware equalization before forwarding. We present a unified solution to minimize interference (due to concurrent transmissions) at the relay-served destination and the BS-served destination, using power control and exploiting spatial reuse. A systematic method to enable indoor relays with the proposed interference management solutions is presented that is applicable to existing CDMA systems, without additional requirements in Access Terminal (AT)/User Equipment. Simulation results in the context of High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) CDMA network shows that the ATs served through the indoor relays experience throughput improvement by at least a factor of two, whereas the ATs served by the BS experienced a gain of around 6% in spite of concurrent relaying. The results also show an overall system throughput gain upto 30% when compared to the existing network with only single hops.
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has recently announced the detailed 5G specifications for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT-2020). A number of candidate Radio Interface Technologies (RITs) were being evaluated by the independent evaluation groups of the ITU.Meanwhile, the roll out of 5G is going on, and 5G is available in more than 160 MNO network. This paper presents the evaluation of the proponent technologies, including the ones specified as 3GPP 5G NR. The entire 3GPP specifications were examined and evaluated through simulation using Matlab and a custom simulator based on the Go-language. The simulator facilitated the comprehensive evaluation of the 5G NR performance by using the IMT-2020 evaluation framework. Some of the submitted technologies displayed certain discrepancies which were reported to ITU as well as discussed with proponents to improvise the shortcomings. The detailed results and observations are presented in this paper.
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