Objective: Bicytopenia is a potentially life-threatening or a temporary situation that can be seen in patients. It may develop as a result of benign or malign reasons. This study performed a clinical and hematological evaluation of children with bicytopenia and determined the etiologic reasons. Material and Methods: From 1606 patients, between 6 months and 17 years of age, hospitalized in the Ankara Research and Treatment Hospital Pediatric Clinic and intensive care unit between February 2012 and February 2013, 28 of them had bicytopenia, and they were considered in this study. The physical examination findings, total blood count findings, peripheral smear findings, viral infection findings, diagnostic findings, KI aspiration/ biopsy results, and cure time of bicytopenia for each patient were recorded. Results: We found that 57.1% of the patients were male, and the medium age was 9.2±6.9 (6 months-17 years). The etiologic causes of bicytopenia included 64.2% infection, 7.1% idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 7.1% medicine use, 3.5% megaloblastic anemia, 3.5% chronic illness anemia (celiac disease), and 14.2% acute leukemia. Conclusion: We think that in patients with bicytopenia, all viral causes should be investigated, and peripheral smears should certainly be evaluated; in case of suspicion, bone marrow aspiration/biopsy should be performed, and malignity should be considered.
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