This article describes the development of the Triadic Intervention and Evaluation Rating Scale (TIERS), a 33-item instrument designed to evaluate patterns of parent, service provider, and child interactions during early intervention sessions conducted in natural environments. Twenty-eight parent—provider—child triads were videotaped in home and playgroup settings, quarterly over a 15-month period. Segments representing complete routines were selected and rated by service providers and research personnel. Scoring and scaling models were developed to evaluate the quality of triadic interactions during early intervention sessions. The TIERS (a) measured differences in providers’ use of collaborative consultation strategies and parents’ level of participation with service providers and their children; (b) distinguished features inherent in different sessions; (c) was easy to administer; and (d) showed appropriate psychometric properties. With additional validation efforts, this instrument may be used to evaluate the implementation of collaborative interactions between parents and early intervention service providers in natural environments.
Occupational therapists routinely use rating scales to indicate a client's level of functioning, monitor progress, and evaluate intervention success. Rating scales yield ordinal data, whereas true measurement requires interval level data. Rasch analysis can convert rating scale data into true interval measures, but the use of measures derived from this method is limited in everyday occupational therapy practice because raw data must be computer scored. The keyform is an alternative to computer scoring. It is a paper-and-pencil form with which the therapist can record and convert ratings to interval measures while exercising intuitive quality control of the data. This article illustrates the application of this methodology to the Occupational Performance History Interview-2nd Version (OPHI-II). The authors discuss the OPHI-II scales, describe the methodology for developing the keyforms, and demonstrate how they are used.
Place-based health efforts account for the role of the community environment in shaping decisions and circumstances that affect population well-being. Such efforts, rooted as they are in the theory that health is socially determined, mobilize resources for health promotion that are not typically used, and offer a more informed and robust way of promoting health outcomes within a community. Common criticisms of place-based work include the difficulty of replication, since engagement is so specific to a place, and limited sustainability of the work, in the absence of continued institutional structures, both within the community and supporting structures outside the community, to keep these initiatives resilient. This paper describes a place-based initiative, GO! Austin/VAMOS! Austin (GAVA), which was designed to harness the strengths of place-based work—namely, its specificity to place and community. From the start, the project was designed to balance this specificity with a focus on developing and utilizing a standardized set of evidence-informed implementation and evaluation approaches and tools that were flexible enough to be modified for specific settings. This was accompanied by an emphasis on leadership and capacity building within resident leaders, which provided for informed intervention and demand building capacity, but also for longevity as partners, philanthropic, and otherwise, moved in and out of the work.
Background Go! Austin/Vamos! Austin (GAVA) is a coalition-led health initiative that targets low-income communities with disparities in access to healthy food and physical activity . The purpose of this initiative was to increase healthy eating and physical activity among residents by facilitating access to food and physical activity opportunities through environmental and policy changes. Although GAVA is ongoing, this paper describes the original GAVA intervention and the 5-year evaluation study (2013–2018), presenting selected baseline data obtained through its cohort sub-study. Methods To assess the impact of GAVA, the evaluation plan included multiple sub-studies and involved collection of quantitative, qualitative, and observational data at different levels. The main cohort sub-study followed 313 parent-child dyads over 5 years. Annually, parents completed self-administered surveys regarding awareness and use of community assets/resources as well as their diet and activities. Heights and weights also were measured. Results Cohort participants were primarily Hispanic (87%), very low-income (77%), and food insecure (58%), with high overweight/obesity prevalence among both parents (81%) and children (41%). Awareness and use of community physical activity and healthy eating resources were low, and reported barriers to using these resources were many. Engagement in physical activity and healthy eating also was low. Conclusions Given the baseline statistics, GAVA resident teams chose and implemented strategies to address the noted barriers and low usage of community resources. This approach built community capacity and governance. Both the GAVA intervention approach and evaluation protocol can serve as models for other community initiatives to be implemented in other locations and contexts.
Objectives To describe outcomes of a 4-year physical activity (PA) and nutrition intervention (2013–2017) in Dove Springs, a low-income urban community in Texas. Method Go! Austin/Vamos! Austin is a place-based intervention targeting the built and social environments of PA and nutrition. Baseline and follow-up measures related to PA and nutrition were obtained from 357 parent–child dyads (final n = 236) in the intervention community and a control community. A three-level dose of exposure measure was created to indicate the amount of exposure to intervention activities across the 4 years. Pre–post changes in key outcomes by level of exposure and contrasts across “high exposure” and “no exposure” categories were obtained using repeated-measures regression, adjusting for important confounders. Results “High exposure” adult participants showed consistently more favorable changes than “no exposure” participants across a variety of indicators, including positive perceptions and utilization of community PA resources, amount of moderate PA, utilization of retail outlets offering fresh produce, and measures of healthy eating. Few improvements were seen in child-level outcomes. Conclusions Community interventions can successfully improve health-promoting behaviors provided they ensure sufficient dose of exposure.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.