Abstractsdelay has not been fully described. This study examines the association between parent-reported child developmental status, psychosocial-risk and the parenting-relationship in VPT children. Methods Cross-sectional hospital-cohort of infants at 2 and 4-years corrected age for prematurity during 2010. Uni-multivariate analysis examined the association between developmental delay (DD) (scores -≥2SD in ≥2 domains-gross/fine motor, receptive/expressive language, social-emotional and self-help using Parent Evaluations of Developmental Status-Developmental Milestones-(PEDS:DM)-Assessment-Level) and parenting-relationship (score -≥1SD in ≥1 domain-attachment, involvement, discipline-practices, parenting confidence and relational frustration assessed by the Parenting Relationship Questionnaire). Outcomes are for the total cohort and by age-group, adjusted for psychosocial-risk (≥4/11 risks on Brigance Observations of Psychosocial-Risk Scale). Results Cohort data is available on 165/192, 86% (2-years, N=80; 4-years, N=85) children which showed parenting a child with DD was associated with higher parenting-relationship problems for the total cohort (OR 3.2, 95%CI 1.5, 7.0, p<0.01) who experienced greater difficulties in attachment (OR 3.2, 95%CI 1.1, 10.3, p =0.04) and parenting confidence (OR 4.7, 95%CI, 2.1, 11.5, p<0.01) compared to the non-delayed group. Differences by age group were (2-year-group, attachment; OR 7.3, 95%CI 1.4, 37.0, p =0.02) and (4-year-group, parenting confidence; OR 16.0, 95%CI 4.4, 57.3, p<0.01) found. Conclusion Mothers of VPT children with DD may require additional parenting support; strengthening early attachment may impact latter parenting confidence in these families. Examining these findings in relation to child behavior and possible pathways for intervention is planned. Background and Aims Children with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) exhibit body function disorders and activity limitations at an early stage. A study assessing the impact of activities and health-related quality of life of initiatives physical exercise in children with ALL were not found in Turkey. This study was carried out to determine the effects of an exercise program on both physical parameters and on quality of life in children with ALL. Methods A total of 41 children with ALL at two university hospitals were accepted into the study. Due to the demise of one of the children in the trial group, the study was completed with 19 trial and 21 control patients, a total of 40 children and their parents. The two groups were formed by randomized selection. The study was implemented in the children's homes and in the clinical environment and in the period [2007][2008]. Results When the trial subjects were assessed in terms of their mean scores in the 9-Minute Walk Test, the Timed Up and Down Stairs Test, the Timed Up and Go Test, the measurements of their leg muscle strength, their hemoglobin and hematocrit tests, a decidedly significant increase was seen compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions Regular an...