The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of intellectual capital of Turkish automotive supplier industry upon their innovation performance. This study showed that three types of intellectual capital-employee capital, structural capital, and customer capital-had a significantly positive relationship with innovation performance. Moreover, the results also indicated that the higher the growth rate of an industry, the stronger were the positive relationships between three types of intellectual capital and innovation performance. Besides, customer capital was the greatest among these three types of intellectual capital in Turkish automotive supplier industry, employee capital was the next, and structural capital was the least. This shows two points; first, Turkish automotive supplier industry emphasized the interactive "relations" with their suppliers, clients, and partners; second, it was imperative for Turkish manufacturing enterprises to develop their structural capital to increase their innovation performance.

In green marketing, it is crucial for businesses to decide first to whether the environmental benefits of the product or its individual benefits should be emphasized. Knowing the environmental behaviors of those who prefer these products in their daily lives will also help to classify the consumers. In this research, the relationship between ecocentric and anthropocentric attitudes towards products, environmental behavior, eco-brand awareness, and eco-brand loyalty have been investigated in order to highlight the aforementioned issues. These relationships have been tested with a structural equation model. Within the scope of the research, the questionnaire method was used as the data collection method. The sample of the research consists of teacher candidates. The results show that there is a positive relationship between ecocentric attitude towards products and environmental behavior and no statistically significant relationship between anthropocentric attitude and environmental behavior. In addition, there was a positive relationship between environmental behavior and brand awareness; and brand awareness and brand loyalty.

Many kinds of tools are used in direct marketing applications on the Internet with e-mail and the being the most important among these. On the other hand, the Internet brings some negative factors like spam and virus. Naturally these factors affect direct marketing applications on the Internet negatively. The objective of the present study is to evaluate these factors, which are carried out in this application. To reach this goal, a fuzzy cognitive mapping method is made use of in the study.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to find the most effective objects used in Ramadan TV ads of banks operated in Turkey and to determine superiority of the objects among these ads. Design/methodology/approach This research examines used objects in bank TV advertisements for the month of Ramadan by applying content analysis and fuzzy logic method. Findings The most prominent of the findings, as a result of the research, are kids and the elder objects in bank TV commercials. The research findings also reveal the importance of religious objects of Ramadan ads. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this research is non-generalization of the results because of sample size. Future research could explore the impact of objects used in TV ads on consumers with a larger sample size. Practical implications The banks are eager to look for opportunities by launching campaigns during the period of Ramadan. Special occasions such as religious holidays are seen as a new market that should not to be missed by the finance sector, and therefore, the number of bank TV commercials increase dramatically in this term. However, it is important for banks to know which objects are more effective. In this study, it is revealed that objects used in TV ads are more effective. Originality/value This is the first study to examine bank TV commercials during the period of Ramadan. It is also important to reflect Turkish consumers’ perspective and banks’ promotion activities in a Muslim country.