Everyone has the right to decide on the number and timing of children without discrimination, violence and oppression, to have the necessary information and facilities for it, to access sexual and reproductive health services at the highest standard. Deficient or incorrect family planning methods, wrong attitudes and behaviors toward the methods and consequent unplanned pregnancies, increased maternal and infant mortality rates are the main health problems in most countries. Individuals' learning modern family planning methods and having positive attitude for these methods may increase the usage of these methods and contributes the formation of healthy communities. It is considered important to examine the current attitudes and determinants in order to spread the choice of effective method.
Background/AimsThis study aimed to investigate the effect of lutein on methotrexate (MTX)-induced pulmonary toxicity in rats biochemically and histopathologically.MethodsThe rats in the MTX + lutein (MTXL, n = 6) group were given 1 mg/kg of lutein orally. A 0.9% NaCl solution was administered orally to the MTX (n = 6) group and the healthy group (HG, n = 6). One hour later, a single 20 mg/kg dose of MTX was injected intraperitoneally in the MTXL and MTX. Lutein or 0.9% NaCl solution was administered once a day for 5 days. At the end of this period, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total glutathione (tGSH), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured in the lung tissues from the animals euthanized with 50 mg/kg thiopental sodium anesthesia. Subsequently, histopathological examinations were performed.ResultsThe levels of MDA, MPO, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the lung tissue of the MTX were significantly higher than those of the MTXL and HG groups (p < 0.0001), and the amount of tGSH was lower. The histopathological findings in the MTX group, in which the oxidants and cytokines were higher, were more severe.ConclusionsLutein prevented the MTX-induced oxidative lung damage biochemically and histopathologically. This result indicates that lutein may be useful in the treatment of MTX-induced lung damage.
Aims and Objectives
To reveal the existence of alarms in COVID‐19 intensive care units, where medical devices with alarm function are frequently used, the effects of alarms on nurses, especially their on‐the‐job performances and social lives, and their coping methods.
Methodology/Methods
This was a mixed design, including descriptive and qualitative research methods with two stages, and was carried out between March and April 2021. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies and the COREQ guidelines for qualitative studies.
Setting
Nurses in the COVID‐19 intensive care unit of a university hospital constituted the sample. 58 nurses participated in the quantitative data phase, and 18 nurses in the qualitative interviews.
Results
More than half of the nurses worked in the COVID‐19 intensive care unit for more than 5 months and overtime, and 87.9 had day and night shifts. The monthly income level of 65.5% was between the hunger and poverty lines, and 12.1 % received psychiatric support in the last 6 months. A positive and significant relationship was found between the mean score obtained from the alarm fatigue questionnaire and the level of discomfort felt due to the alarms (1–10 points) (p = 0.001). Five themes and thirty sub‐themes were emerged in the focus group interviews.
Conclusion
The number of alarms of the medical devices in the COVID‐19 intensive care units was more than the other intensive care units, resulting in fatigue in nurses. Since alarm fatigue is directly related to patient safety, the effective management of medical device alarms can reduce alarm fatigue and prevent potentially dangerous outcomes.
Relevance to clinical practice
Nurses care for patients with severe clinical conditions in COVID‐19 intensive care units. This situation caused them to be exposed to more alarms. Nurses should make efforts to reduce their alarm intensity.
TÜİK Verilerine Göre Türkiye'de 2009 ve 2016 Yılları Arasındaki Ölüm Oranları ve Nedenleri ÖZET Amaç: Ölüm istatistikleri; toplumdaki ölüm eğilimini ve farklılıklarını, biyomedikal araştırmalardaki öncelikleri, halk sağlığı programlarını, finansman kaynaklarının dağıtımına ilişkin kararları ve epidemiyolojik çalışmaların yönlerini belirlemede yararlıdır. Farklı kaynaklardan elde edilen ölüm istatistiklerinin belirli aralıklarla bir araya getirilip tasnif edilerek sağlıkta kanun koyucularla ve sağlık profesyonelleriyle paylaşılması, dünyada gelişmiş ülkelerde sık kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye'deki ölüm oranlarını ve yaygın ölüm nedenlerini tespit etmeyi, böylelikle sağlıkta kanun koyuculara ve sağlık profesyonellerine günlük pratiklerinde ve sağlık hizmeti sunumunun planlanmasında kullanabilecekleri önemli bir kaynak sağlamayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK)'in web sitesinden faklı zamanlarda ve farklı kaynaklardan paylaştığı istatistiksel veriler kullanılmıştır. TÜİK veri tabanından, 2009-2016 yılları arasındaki ölüm nedenleri, ölüm oranları ve nüfus verileri toparlanıp, analiz edilerek tasnif edilmiştir. Bulgular: Türkiye'de ölüm oranı her iki cinsiyette de 2009 ve 2016 yılları arasında artma eğiliminde olduğu saptanmıştır. En sık ölüm nedeni dolaşım sistemi hastalıkları olarak belirlenmiştir. Ölümlerin çoğu kış aylarında meydana gelmiştir. Bölgesel hastalık dağılımı incelendiğinde, dolaşım ve solunum sistemlerine bağlı ölümlerin Karadeniz bölgesinin Batı ve Doğu bölgelerinde daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Her iki cinsiyet göz önüne alındığında, dolaşım sistemi bozuklukları, maligniteler ve solunum sistemi bozukluklarının en sık ölüm nedenleri olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Ölüm oranlarının ve ölüm nedenlerinin belirlenmesi, sağlık harcamalarını azaltarak sağlık alanında geliştirilen politikaların ve sağlığa ayrılan bütçenin daha rasyonel oluşturulmasına yardımcı olmaktadır.
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