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Idarubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic extensively used in acute leukemia. In the present study we investigated whether vitamin E and catechin can reduce the toxic effects of idarubicin. Vitamin E (200 IU kg -1 week -1 ), catechin (200 mg kg -1 week -1 ), idarubicin (5 mg kg -1 week -1 ), idarubicin + vitamin E (200 IU kg -1 week -1 ), and idarubicin + catechin (200 mg kg -1 week -1 ) combinations were given to male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 210 to 230 g (N = 6/group). Idarubicintreated animals exhibited a decrease in body and heart weight, a decrease in myocardial contractility, and changes in ECG parameters (P<0.01). Catechin + idarubicin-and vitamin E + idarubicin-treated groups exhibited similar alterations, but changes were attenuated in comparison to those in cardiac muscle of idarubicin-treated rats (P<0.05). Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity was reduced in the idarubicin-treated group (P<0.05). Glutathione peroxidase levels were decreased in the idarubicin-treated group (P<0.05) and reached maximum concentrations in the catechin-and catechin + idarubicintreated groups compared to control (P<0.01). Malondialdehyde activity was decreased in the catechin + idarubicin-treated groups compared to control and increased in the other groups, reaching maximum concentrations in the vitamin E-treated group (P<0.01). In electron microscopy studies, swelling of the mitochondria and dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of myocytes were observed in the idarubicintreated groups. In groups that were given idarubicin + vitamin E and idarubicin + catechin, the only morphological change was a weak dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. We conclude that catechin and vitamin E significantly reduce idarubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.

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The morphology of the spermatheca and eggs of Odontotarsus purpureolineatus were studied by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The spherical eggs were about 1.35 mm long and 1.09 mm wide. The egg batches generally consist of 13-14 eggs. The egg surface is covered by polygonal (hexagonal and pentagonal shapes prevail) ridges and tiny chorionic tubercles. There were 8-10 aero-micropylar processes between the polygons. The spermatheca of O. purpureolineatus is characterized by a spherical spermathecal bulb, a pumping region, a flange of pump and dilation of spermathecal duct. Spermathecal processes and a median spermathecal dilation with sclerotized rod are missing. The spermathecal bulb and the pumping region possess many pores.

In this study, ananatomical and histological study was conducted on the alimentary canal of Tanymecusdilaticollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which is an economic polyphagous pest species, to study the relationship between the structure of the alimentary canal and the feeding habit. Therefore, the structure of the alimentary canal of T. dilaticollis was examined using light and electron microscopies. Results have shown that the alimentary canal in T. dilaticollis is consisted of three separate regions as foregut, midgut, and hindgut structurally between the mouth and the anus, which pass from head, thorax, and abdomen. The foregut consists of pharynx, esophagus, crop and proventriculus and in the crop part, expansion is seen compared to other foregut parts. Midgut of T. dilaticollis is the largest part of digestion system. The anterior region of midgut is twofolds wider than the posterior region. The posterior midgut extends tubularly and it is connected to eightgastric caeca. The hindgut of T. dilaticollis consists of fourparts as pylorus, ileum, colon, and rectum. Well‐developed muscle layers are found near the rectum and genital chamber. These results contribute to further studies on the ecology and biological control agents of Coleoptera and to provide a broad comparison of alimentary canal of Coleoptera species.

The structural morphology of mouthparts, the distribution of sensilla on the mouthparts, histology, and the morphology of the alimentary canal in adult Eusomus ovulum Germar, 1824 were examined under both light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mouthparts are located at the tip of the short rostrum. The mandibles, the maxillae and the labial palpi comprise the moveable mouthparts. Also there are sensillae which act as chemoreceptors on the terminal segment of the snout. Alimentary canal of adult E. ovulum is divided into three main regions, foregut, midgut and hindgut. The first part of the gut is foregut, which is made up of a pharynx, esophagus, crop and proventriculus. The pharynx extends from the mouth, having muscle attachments radiating out from its surface and connecting with the head region. The esophagus is a narrow epithelial tube contiguous and posterior to the pharynx. The proventriculus consists of 8 sclerotized plates. The midgut, which is anteriorly bulbous with a tubular posterior half. Gastric caeca were found on the posterior region of the midgut. The midgut is surrounded by outer muscles and inner columnar epithelium. The hindgut has pylorus, ileum, colon, and rectum. There are three histological layers of the hindgut from lumen to hemocoel: intima, epithelium, muscles. The hindgut has a cryptonephridial attachment for the six Malpighian tubes anterior to the rectum. The aim of the present study is to contribute information on the morphology of mouthparts, and the morphology and histology of the alimentary tract of the insect.