Endothelial disorders are related to various diseases. An initial endothelial injury is characterized by endothelial glycocalyx injury. We aimed to evaluate endothelial glycocalyx injury by measuring serum syndecan-1 concentrations in patients during comprehensive medical examinations. A single-center, prospective, observational study was conducted at Asahi University Hospital. The participants enrolled in this study were 1313 patients who underwent comprehensive medical examinations at Asahi University Hospital from January 2018 to June 2018. One patient undergoing hemodialysis was excluded from the study. At enrollment, blood samples were obtained, and study personnel collected demographic and clinical data. No treatments or exposures were conducted except for standard medical examinations and blood sample collection. Laboratory data were obtained by the collection of blood samples at the time of study enrolment. According to nonlinear regression, the concentrations of serum syndecan-1 were significantly related to age (p = 0.016), aspartic aminotransferase concentration (AST, p = 0.020), blood urea nitrogen concentration (BUN, p = 0.013), triglyceride concentration (p < 0.001), and hematocrit (p = 0.006). These relationships were independent associations. Endothelial glycocalyx injury, which is reflected by serum syndecan-1 concentrations, is related to age, hematocrit, AST concentration, BUN concentration, and triglyceride concentration.
We present unambiguous evidence for direct, nonthermal laser desorption of molecular ions from the surface of an ionic wide band gap material, single crystal MgO. Using time resolved mass spectroscopy, we measure positive ions emitted during pulsed excimer laser irradiation at 248 nm. Species observed (besides singly and doubly charged Mg) include: Mg2+, MgO+, MgO2+ , Mg2O+ and (MgO)2+. The kinetic energies determined from time of flight measurements are species dependent, nearly independent of fluence, and range from 5 to 9 eV. The ion intensities display strongly nonlinear fluence dependencies, proportional to the fluence to the nth power, where n ranges from 3 to 4. These kinetic energies and fluence dependences support a defect mediated photoelectronic desorption mechanism. Emission is attributed to molecular ion precursors adsorbed at special sites associated with surface electron traps. Emission occurs when the electron trap is photoionized via the sequential absorption of 3–4 photons.
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