We developed a novel membrane reactor consisted of a CO shift catalyst and a membrane for selective CO 2 separation. First, we successfully developed novel facilitated transport membranes with excellent performances exceeding our target values, i.e. CO 2 permeance of 1x10 -4 mol/(m 2 skPa) and CO 2 /H 2 selectivity of 100 at 160 °C. The developed membrane maintained high performances for more than 400 hours. Second, we developed CO shift catalysts, which had high activity for the CO shift reaction at 160 o C. Among the catalysts developed in this study, precious metal-based catalysts had quite high activities. By combining the developed membrane and catalyst, a membrane reactor-type CO converter was fabricated. By using the CO converter, CO and CO 2 concentrations in feed gas (14.8 and 7.4 %, respectively) were drastically reduced. Observed CO and CO 2 concentrations at the feed-side exit of the CO converter were 5 ppm and 0.3 %, respectively.
A suspension culture of Mentha was established from callus which formed on the tips of young shoots of a Mentha hybrid (M. arvenis x M. spicata). Changes in growth parameters during a culture cycle were recorded. The general appearance of cells during division and growth, including the changes in cell form, was also represented.Suspension-cultured cells of Mentha hybrid released a large amount of extracellular polysaccharides (ECP) mairdy at the logarithmic phase of the growth cycle. The ECP contained galacturonic acid as major components and arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, rhamnose and mannose as minor components. The ratio of the uronic acid content to total sugar content in the ECP was below 40% at day 7, but increased up to 90% at day 21. The relative contents of xylose and glucose in the ECP decreased during the culture period, while the arabinose content increased and those of rhamnose, mannose and galactose remained constant.The IR spectrum suggested that the ECP were low-methoxylated pectic polysaccharides. The presence of lignin and related compounds in the ECP was not detected. The protein content of the ECP was about 10% and the main amino acids were alanine, proline, hydroxyproline, valine, asparticacid and serine, in that order.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.