Background: Depression is a common mental disorder negatively affects the cognitive, emotion, behavior, functionality and quality of life of people. Poor quality of life results in high rates of relapse, inability to perform occupational and social activities, impaired future outlook, and increases overall health care related costs. However, there is no available evidence regarding the health related quality of people with depression in Ethiopia. Therefore, evaluating the quality of life of people with depression is crucial.

Introduction Different foods and food groups are good sources for various macro- and micronutrients. Diversified diet play an important role in both physical and mental growth and development of children. However, meeting minimum standards of dietary diversity for children is a challenge in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Objective To assess dietary diversity and associated factors among children (6–23 months) in Gedieo Zone, Ethiopia. Method Community based cross-sectional study was carried out at Gedieo Zone, Ethiopia, from January to March 15, 2019. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to get a total of 665 children with the age of between 6 and 23 months from their kebeles. Data was collected by using face-to-face interview with structured questionnaire. Data was entered into Epidata version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 for analyses. Variables having p < 0.25 at bivariate analysis were fitted to multivariable analysis. Multivariable logistic regression model was used at 95% confidence interval and with P-Value < 0.05. Bivariate. Result A total of 665 children were participated with response rate of 96.2%. Only 199(29.9%) of children were met the minimum requirements for dietary diversity. Age of children [AOR 4.237(1.743–10.295))], Educational status [AOR 2.864(1.156–7.094)], Number of families [AOR 2.865(1.776–4.619))] and household wealth index [AOR4.390(2.300–8.380)] were significantly associated with Dietary Diversity of children. Conclusion Only, one out of four children aged of 6–23 months attained the minimum dietary diversity score. Children from low socioeconomic status and mothers with no formal educational attainment need special attention to improve the practice of appropriate feeding of children.

Background: Sleep disturbance is a common complaint in people living with HIV/AIDS. Individuals with it are less likely to adhere to their treatment, have decreased quality of life, have decreased work productivity, and have increased risk of psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular morbidity, and disease progression. However, sleep condition remains under-recognized by clinicians and is not well studied in Ethiopia. Therefore it is necessary to produce scientific evidence to fill the clinical knowledge gap and recommend the focus area of management. The aim of the study was to assess sleep quality and its associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was utilized among 408 participants who were selected by a systematic random sampling technique at Zewditu memorial hospital from April to May 2018. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire was used to measure sleep quality. Ethical clearance was obtained from the joint ethics committee of the University of Gondar and Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital. Oral informed consent was obtained from each participant. Binary and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted. Odds ratios (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was computed to assess the strength of the association. Results: The magnitude of poor sleep quality was 55.6%. Being female [AOR=3.40, 95% CI: (1.80, 6.41)], depression [AOR =3.52, 95% CI: (1.95, 6.32)], CD4count ≤ 200 cells/mm3 [AOR=3.18,95%CI: (1.65,6.13)], duration of HIV/AIDS diagnosis [AOR=3.43,95% CI: (1.61,7.29)], current use of tobacco [AOR=5.69, 95% CI: (2.04,15.9)] and chat or caffeinated drinks [AOR=2.65, 95% CI: (1.06,6.64)] and poor sleep hygiene [AOR=3.55, 95% CI: (1.85, 6.78)] were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusions: More than half of the study participants were found to have poor sleep quality. A range factors influence quality of sleep of people with HIV/AIDS. Routine screening of sleep condition among people living with HIV/AIDS and early intervention based on the findings is suggested.

Background People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are frequently confronted with severe social issues such as rejection, abandonment, criticism, and stigma. This would negatively affect their quality of life. Several studies have been conducted so far to assess factors affecting the health-related quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Ethiopia. However, to our knowledge, there is no previous study that has summarized the results of the studies that investigated health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among PLWHA in Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to estimate the pooled prevalence of HRQOL and its association with social support among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) on ART in Ethiopia. Methods A systematic search was carried out using several electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Cochrane electronic), Google Scholar, Google, and a manual search of the literature on health-related quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS who are on ART. A Microsoft Excel data extraction sheet was used to extract pertinent data from an individual study. To assess the heterogeneity of primary articles, the Cochrane Q test statistics and the I2 test were carried out, and a random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of HRQOL. Result Out of the 493 articles reviewed, ten with a total of 3257 study participants were eligible for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of HRQOL among people living with HIV/AIDS who are on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia was 45.27%. We found that strong perceived social support was significantly associated with higher levels of subjectively perceived HRQOL. PLWHA who were on ART and had good social support were four times more likely to report higher HRQOL when compared to their counterparts [AOR = 4.01, 95% CI 3.07–5.23]. Conclusion A substantial number of PLWHA had poor HRQOL in Ethiopia. Social support was significantly associated with HRQOL among people living with HIV/AIDS. Hence, it’s recommended to encourage suitable intervention at every follow-up visit, and psycho-social support is also warranted to improve the quality of life.

Background Sleep disturbance is a common complaint in people living with HIV/AIDS. Despite the influence of sleep disturbance on treatment adherence, quality of life, work productivity, risk of chronic illness, it remains under-recognized and under-studied in Ethiopia. Therefore it is necessary to produce scientific evidence to fill the knowledge gap and areas of management. The current study aimed to assess sleep quality and its associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was utilized among 408 participants who were selected by a systematic random sampling technique at Zewditu memorial hospital from April to May 2018. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire was used to measure sleep quality. Ethical clearance was obtained from the joint ethics committee of the University of Gondar and Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital. Oral informed consent was obtained from each participant. Binary and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted. Odds ratios (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was computed. Results The magnitude of poor sleep quality was 55.6%. Being female [AOR = 3.40, 95% CI: (1.80, 6.41)], depression [AOR =3.52, 95% CI: (1.95, 6.32)], CD4count ≤ 200 cells/mm3 [AOR = 3.18,95%CI: (1.65,6.13)], duration of HIV/AIDS diagnosis [AOR = 3.43,95% CI: (1.61,7.29)], current use of tobacco [AOR = 5.69, 95% CI: (2.04,15.9)] and chat or caffeinated drinks [AOR = 2.65, 95% CI: (1.06,6.64)] and poor sleep hygiene [AOR = 3.55, 95% CI: (1.85, 6.78)] were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusions More than half of the study participants were found to have poor sleep quality. A range factors influence quality of sleep of people with HIV/AIDS. Routine screening of sleep condition among people living with HIV/AIDS and early intervention based on the findings is suggested.

Background. Problematic Internet use is characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations, urges, or behavior regarding computer use and Internet access which lead to impairment or distress. It has been found that the occurrence rate of problematic Internet use among university students ranges from 0.8% to 47.7%. Despite this, there are multiple challenges that relate to problematic Internet use, which remain underrecognized and largely ignored by stakeholders and are not well known, especially in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted aiming to assess the prevalence of problematic Internet use and its associated factors among undergraduate students. Methods. Cross-sectional study was employed from May 1st to June 1st, 2019. A multistage sampling technique was used to get a total of 846 undergraduate students. Data were collected by using self-administered structured questionnaires of Young’s Internet Addiction Test. The collected data were coded and entered into EpiData 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 22; bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with problematic Internet use, and statistical significance was considered at P value <0.05. Results. For a total of 846 study participants, the response rate was 761 (90%) and the prevalence of problematic Internet use was 19.4%. Multiple logistic regression model revealed that being male [AOR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.80, 6.41], depression [AOR = 3.61, 95% CI: 2.40, 5.43], and khat or caffeinated drinks [AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.87] were significantly associated with problematic Internet use. Conclusion. This study revealed that there was high prevalence of problematic Internet use among Dilla University students and there were various factors associated with increased prevalence of problematic Internet use. Therefore, students need to be educated about the safe, valuable, and healthy practices of Internet use. Furthermore, it is better to counsel on substance use and its consequences to overcome the anticipated increase in problematic Internet use.

Background Common mental disorders are frequent psychiatric comorbid conditions among people with HIV/AIDS. The presence of such psychiatric disorders negatively affects the treatment adherence, viral load suppression, quality of life, treatment outcomes and functionality of people with HIV/AIDS. However, available studies in Ethiopia have a great variation and inconsistency of reported results have been observed regarding the magnitude and associated factors of common mental disorder. Thus, conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literatures can have a paramount importance to show its summarized figure. Methods Literatures search was performed using databases (PubMed/Medline, Science Direct and PsycINFO. Grey literatures were also searched from Google and Google Scholar. Data were extracted from primary studies using a data extraction format prepared in Microsoft Excel and exported to STATA-version 14 statistical software for analysis. The I2 test was used to assess the heterogeneity of primary articles. The result of the test showed that there was heterogeneity between primary studies. This leads us to execute a random effect meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of common mental disorder with corresponding 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 13 primary studies comply with the inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review. The pooled prevalence of common mental disorder was found to be 28.83% (95% CI: 17.93, 39.73) among people with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. The highest prevalence of common mental disorder (35.20%) was observed among studies in which Kessler-10 was used as a screening tool. Single marital status (OR = 1.83; 95%CI: 1.03, 3.27), HIV/AIDS-related stigma (OR = 2.21; 95%CI: 1.68, 2.90) and current job unavailability (OR = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.88) had statistically significant association with common mental disorder. Conclusion The result of this review showed that nearly one among three individuals with HIV/AIDS is suffering from common mental disorder in Ethiopia. This calls a need to integrate the mental health and psycho-social support into the HIV/AIDS care. Trial registration PROSPERO- CRD42019132402. Registered on 05/08/2019.

Background Severe mental illness is strongly associated with an impaired quality of life. This intern can affect the treatment adherence and outcomes of the illness. However, there are insufficient studies in the literature pertaining to the quality of life of patients with severe mental illness in Ethiopia. Therefore, assessing the quality of life of patients with severe mental illness and its correlates is a yardstick measure of the effectiveness of the mental health service. Methods An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to 16, 2019 at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital. A systematic random sampling technique was used to get a total number of 387 samples. Data were collected using interview-administered questionnaires; World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version, Morisky Medication Adherence Screening Tool, Oslo Social Support Scale, and Jacoby Stigma Scale. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were used to assess the contributing factors of quality of life in the participants and B coefficient with 95% CI confidence interval was used. The statistical significance was accepted at p value < 0.05. Results The result showed that the Mean quality of life score of patients with severe mental illness for each domain (mean ± SD) was 41.3 ± 7.5, 42.8 ± 8.2, 38.9 ± 8.9, and 41.8 ± 6.5 for physical, psychological, social and environmental, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that age of participants was strongly positively correlated with all domains of quality of life. It predicts above 45% of the variability in each domain. Social support is also another strong predictor which was negatively correlated with all domains of quality of life, except physical. Conclusion This study revealed that the mean score quality of life of patients with severe mental illness in each domain was low. This demonstrates a need for improving the quality of life of people with severe mental illness by integration of a positive mental health approach and bio-psychosocial view with biological treatment of severe mental illness. Moreover, in Collaboration with medical professionals, people with severe mental illness should screen and managed for any comorbid medical conditions.