The main objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of microwave (MW) treatment (2450 MHz for 120 s), ultrasonication (US) (24 KHz, 20°C for 20 min) and combined treatment (MW-US) on the quality and stability of sugarcane juice (SCJ) during 21 days of storage at 4°C. The effect of the treatments and storage time on physicochemical, bioactive compounds (total phenolic, flavonoids and ascorbic acid content) and microbial analysis of SCJ. No significant (P < 0.05) changes were observed in°Brix, while there was an increase in pH and a decrease in titratable acidity in all treatments. Compared to US and MW, MW-US treatments was more effective in preserving colour attributes, total phenolic and flavonoids contents, ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacities of the SCJ during storage. The results regarding the microbial count indicate that more microbial safety and longer shelf life was achieved by MW-US. MW-US treatment is an effective technology for improving the safety and shelf life of SCJ by minimising quality changes, retaining bioactive compounds and reducing microbial growth during storage. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019Effect of microwave and ultrasonication on sugarcane juice S. Zia et al. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019Effect of microwave and ultrasonication on sugarcane juice S. Zia et al.
: Immunohistochemistry is a technique with an interesting journey. It is one of the well-established and reliable technique in modern pathology and it is extremely useful in diagnosis of sinister pathologies with perplexing histopathology. Not only does it enhance the diagnostic abilities of a pathologist, but it also has a huge prognostic potential, a great aid in establishing stage of malignancies, determines phenotypic expressions of lymphoid neoplasms and monitors treatment progress and response to therapy. By employing and integrating the basics of varied branches like immunology, histology, microscopy and hematology, it has emerged as a magnificent tool over last few decades, saving pathologists and patients from the impact of serious diseases inflicting the human body. Furthermore, it has contributed immensely to all aspects of diseases related to oral cavity as well. This review has been thus taken to highlight the wide applications of this technique in General and Oral Pathology with an update.
Bullying has been known as an extensive, persistent, and severe problem in educational institutions across the globe. Despite the research studies on bullying in recent years, most of the research directly focused on its multiple slants and characteristics among students without special needs (SN). Besides, few research studies are known about bullying in universities and its dimensions in the population of students with SN receiving support provision. In light of the above, the present study explored the students’ lived experiences related to bullying and victimization getting an education in universities with peers without SN. The sample of this phenomenological study consisted of 10 participants with SN attending university education. Semi-structured interviews were used as a research method for data collection. All participants shared negative experiences of bullying in universities while studying with students without SN.
… Background: Due to easy availability or excess to antibiotics people usually start antibiotic without consulting doctors when they are suffering from illness and as they were feeling well they discontinue the treatment and as a result these bacteria become resistant to those antibiotics which are inadequately used. Also most of the antibiotic have side effect that also produce undesirable effect so after considering all of these issues we want to explore natural compounds for their antimicrobial activity as these compounds have no side effect and cost effective as well. Objectives: We analyzed the antimicrobial activity of ginger (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) against common human pathogens. Study design: Experimental study. Place and duration of study: All clinical isolates were identified at BUMDC (Bahria University Medical and Dental College) Microbiology Lab (Karachi) by standard biochemical methods. Study conducted between april2015-nov 2015. Material & Methods: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Vibrio cholera and E.Coli culture sample were taken and again characterized using conventional biochemical, cultural and molecular methods. Then I checked the antimicrobial activity of ginger alone and with soyaoil against these isolates using disc diffusion method. Result: It shows that ginger alone having good antimicrobial activity against pseudomonas but when using after mixing with soya oil its antimicrobial activity decreased as it was note when individually used. Conclusion: Ginger when using alone having good antimicrobial activity then when using in combination with soya.
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