This work was conducted to study the effect of sun dried tomato pomace (SDTP) with or without enzymes supplementation economic efficiency of Japanese quail. A total number of 306 sevendays-old quail chicks were used. The quail chicks were randomly allocated into 6 groups (51 unsexed chicks per group). Group 1 was fed on the basal diet (BD) without enzymes supplementation (control), quail chicks of group 2 were fed on the BD containing AveMix® 02 CS enzyme 0.02g/kg diet. While quail chicks of group 3 were fed BD containing 2.5% DTP). Group 4 received BD containing with 2.5% SDTP with Ave Mix® 02 CS enzyme. Group 5 received BD containing 5% SDTP. Group 6 received BD containing 5% SDTP with Ave Mix® 02 CS enzyme. Our results clarified that, the increasing (5%) SDTP to diet resulted in an increase of final weight by 29.36%. Also, increasing body weight resulted in an increase of total cost by 0.55% in case of 2.5% SDTP group.

No abstract

Healthy, weaned, coccidial-free male rabbits from two breeds (New Zealand white (NZ) and V-line (VL)) were divided into 10 equal groups (5 groups each for NZ and VL) (3 replicates/group, 6 rabbits/replicate, 18 rabbits/group). All rabbits were inoculated with 5 × 104 Eimeria spp. oocysts (E. intestinalis (67%), E. magna (22%), and E. media (11%)) except for the rabbits in the first group (G1), which were inoculated with a sterile solution and served as a negative control. The remaining four groups were treated as follows: G2, no treatment/positive control, G3, treated with neem leaf extract, G4, treated with pomegranate peel extract (PPE), and G5, treated with a combination of neem leaf extract and PPE. For both breeds, our results showed that the use of neem leaf and/or pomegranate peel extract resulted in improved growth performance, with a significant improvement in relative feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the positive control groups, which recorded the worst values, as well as a significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in mean oocyst count compared to the positive control groups. We also observed downregulation of mRNA levels of IL-1βα, IL6, and TNF-α in the herbal treatment groups compared with the mRNA levels of these genes in the positive control groups. Herbal treatment with neem leaf and/or pomegranate peel extracts had positive effects on the NZ and VL rabbits experimentally infected with mixed Eimeria species, as evidenced by their healthy appearance, good appetite, no mortalities, an anticoccidial index > 120, and a significantly higher total return and net profit when compared to the positive control groups of both breeds. In NZ rabbits, the treatment with neem leaf extract alone (G3) or in combination with PPE (G5) recorded the most efficient economic anticoccidial activity.

To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with superficial tumors in Egyptian water buffalo and cattle and to present their clinical and immunohistochemical (IHC) features. Design: Case-control study. Animals: A total of 1253 animals were studied (866 cross breeds of cattle and 387 native buffaloes). Eighty-one cases (64 cattle and 17 buffalo) were suffered from tumor like swelling. The Clinical, microscopical, histopathological and IHC of the tumor were assessed. Additionally, different surgical interferences and anesthesia were applied for their excision. Results: Based on clinical, histopathological and IHC examination, neoplasia were diagnosed in 75 animals (92.59%). Generally, the prevalence rate of tumor was higher in Cattle than buffalo (78.66% vs 21.33%). Animals aged <5 years exhibited higher incidence of tumor (70.66%) than other ages. Females showed higher prevalence of tumor (85.33%) than males. The diagnosed benign tumors were papilloma (32.14%), fibroma (28.57%), dermoid (28.75%), myxoma (3.57%), lipoma (3.57%) and lipomyxoma (3.57%). While, the diagnosed malignant tumors were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; 72.34%), basal cell carcinoma (14.89%), fibrosarcoma (6.38%), melanosracoma(2.12%), myxosarcoma (2.12%), and teratoma (2.12%). Of the detected tumors, head had the highest occurrence (61.33%) followed by sexual organ and mammary gland (18.66%), trunk (6.66%) and limb (5.33%). IHC analysis of different types of tumor tissues showed higher expression of Ki67 in both benign and malignant tumors with variable degree. Conclusion and clinical relevance: superficial tumors have high incidence in cattle compared to buffalo. Papilloma, fibroma and dermoid were the most commonly diagnosed benign tumors. SCC, basal cell carcinoma and fibrosarcoma were the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors. Surgical excision of the superficial tumors offers a satisfy solution for the condition. IHC and histopathological examination provides precise techniques for evaluation, and differentiation between benign and malignant tumors.

No abstract

A total of 636 one-day-old Cobb chicks were randomly assigned to seven treatments. The chicks were offered feed and water ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The first three groups included different stocking densities of broiler birds (low stocking density, LSD: 10 birds/m2; medium stocking density, MSD: 15 birds/m2; and high stocking density HSD: 17 birds/m2). The LSD group was considered a control group. The other four groups included MSD or HSD broiler birds supplemented with either Vit E (100 mg/kg DM diet; MSDVE and HSDVE) or Zn (100 mg/kg DM diet; MSDZn and HSDZn) in their basal diet. The main findings indicated that HSD and MSD negatively affected (p < 0.05) all variables under investigation compared with LSD. Compared with LSD, broiler birds in the MSD and HSD groups had lower body weights and higher feed conversion ratios, higher co ncentrations of blood plasma hormones (triiodothyronine thyroxine and corticosterone), and downregulated expression levels of hepatic growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-l. In addition, broiler birds stocked at medium or high densities resulted in less economic return and profit. Vit E or Zn supplementation to broiler birds stocked at medium or high densities significantly reversed all adverse effects of HSD (>10 birds/m2) on growth performance, hormones, and gene expression. It could be recommended that adding Zn at a level of 100 mg/kg per DM diet allows increasing the stocking density of broiler birds from 10 birds/m2 to 15 birds/m2 while maintaining the birds, welfare, and economic profit.

A total of 636 1-day-old male Cobb chicks were randomly assigned to seven treatments. The chicks were offered feed and water ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The first three groups included different stocking densities of broiler birds (low stocking density, LSD: 23 kg/m2; medium stocking density, MSD: 34 kg birds/m2; and high stocking density HSD: 39 kg birds/m2). The LSD group was considered a control group. The other four groups included MSD or HSD broiler birds supplemented with either Vit E (100 mg/kg DM diet; MSDVE and HSDVE) or Zn (100 mg/kg DM diet; MSDZn and HSDZn) in their basal diet. The main findings indicated that HSD and MSD negatively affected (p < 0.05) all variables under investigation compared with LSD. Compared with LSD, broiler birds in the MSD and HSD groups had lower body weights and higher feed conversion ratios, higher concentrations of blood plasma hormones (triiodothyronine thyroxine and corticosterone), and downregulated expression levels of hepatic growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-l. In addition, broiler birds stocked at medium or high densities resulted in less economic return and profit. Vit E or Zn supplementation to broiler birds stocked at medium or high densities significantly reversed all adverse effects of HSD (> 23 kg/m2) on growth performance, hormones, and gene expression. It could be recommended that adding Zn at a level of 100 mg/kg per DM diet allows increasing the stocking density of broiler birds from 23 kg/m2 to 34 birds/m2 while maintaining the birds, welfare and economic profit.

The Najdi is a type of breeds of domesticated sheep that inhabits natively the Najd region at mid region of the Arabian Peninsula. The Najdi breed is capable of living and surviving under stressful desert conditions (Alamer and Al-Hozab, 2004). Phenotypically, Najdi sheep has a fat tail, and a black-coat consists of long fleece. From the economic point of view, among all breeds, it comes first in the Arabian region for many reasons including but not limited to its high milk production and palatable taste even when its price as double as other breeds (Abouheif et al., 1989). Top Najdi ewes can sell for $5,300-8,000 USD, while rams which can sire many more offspring can fetch up to 20,000 USD (The National, 2012). Congenital anomalies are imperfections of the regular anatomical features of neonates (Kwon et al., 2017; Jang et al., 2019). These abnormalities may cause dystocia problems and are mainly attributed, collectively or individually, to genetics, environmental predisposition, and or hormonal defects. These disorders take place during pregnancy, especially at the early stages of embryogenesis (Islam et al., 2011). Head congenital anomalies range from simple defects that interfere with normal physiological functions to a severe life-threatening issue (Rajabioun et al., 2016). Since this