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The aim of this work was to investigate the alkaloid patterns of Lapiedra martinezii and their relation to biogeography and phenology focused in a phylogenetic comparison. Plants from 14 populations of L. martinezii, covering almost its entire distribution area, were subjected to morphological, ecological, and phytochemical analysis. Experiments for different alkaloid-type content are proposed as a new tool for analysis of plant distribution. Several plants were transplanted for weekly observation of their phenological changes, and alkaloids from different plant organs were extracted, listed, and compared. The alkaloid pattern of L. martinezii comprises 49 compounds of homolycorine, lycorine, tazettine, haemantamine, and narciclasine types. The populations located in the north and south margins of the distribution area displayed alkaloid patterns different from those of the central area. Changes in these patterns during their phenological cycle may be related to a better defence for plant reproduction. L. martinezii is an old relict plant, and it has maintained some of the more primitive morphological features and alkaloid profiles of the Mediterranean Amaryllidaceae. The variations in alkaloid content observed could be interpreted in a phylogenetic sense, and those found in their phenological changes, in an adaptive one.

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Geographical patterns of medicinal ingredients (188 plant species, 20 animals and 12 minerals) Wetlands as a source of medicinal ingredients and foci of pathologies Phlomis lychnitis Cistus ladanifer Thymus mastichina Relevance of the different kingdoms and types ICPC2 & ICD 10 = Pathologies treated PESTICIDES Ardeidae Ardea cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 garza real EH Inland surface waters CRC feather direct apply para los escalabraos S00 Superficial injury of head S17 Abrasion/scratch/blister DER 2 garza CRC, DAI, HIN feather direct apply cicatrizante, para las T01.9 Multiple open wounds, unspecified A81 Multiple trauma/injuries SKE 5