No abstract

The fatty acid (FA) composition was determined in the mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck 1819) cultured at the longline system located in Sinop (Black Sea) from October to September. Seasonal variation of lipid was significantly different throughout the study period; the highest value was in winter (1.90±0.10% wet weight) and the lowest value in spring (1.45±0.22%) (p<0.05). The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were dominant lipids in spring and winter including 55.80% and 55.63% of total lipids, respectively, while PUFAs in the summer and autumn were considerably higher than values in spring and winter, comprising 52.97% and 50.67% of total lipids, respectively. The palmitic acid (PA, 16:0) saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 11-eicosenoic acid (EA, 20:1n-9) mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3) PUFAs were the most dominant fatty acids of all. The results showed that all fatty acids were the PUFAs with the highest percentage. Within this group, the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3) and DHA fatty acids presented the highest levels. Also, the lowest and the highest n-3/n-6 ratio were in autumn (1.44%) and winter (2.23%), respectively. These results suggest that spring was the more suitable period for collecting mussels and for healthy diet of humans.

One‐year‐old rope grown blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) were grown in experimental lantern nets at two depths (2 and 6 m below the surface) in two different positions (inflow and outflow) off a raft in Loch Etive on the west coast of Scotland. Shell and tissue growth, and mortality were recorded. Water temperature, salinity and food availability were also monitored over the experimental period. There were no significant differences in the length, live weight, wet meat weight, dry meat weight and ash‐free dry meat weight between depths (P > 0.05). However, position had a significant effect on these parameters as mussels located at the inflow of the raft differed significantly from those at the outflow of the raft (P < 0.05). Particulate organic matter (POM) and chlorophyll a (Ch a) were significantly higher at the inflow than the outflow of the raft (P < 0.05), but depth had no effect on POM and Ch a (P > 0.05). The results show that food concentration was higher in the inflow of the raft than the outflow. In the light of these results, recommendations for better management of Scottish raft mussel cultivation are discussed.

No abstract

Age and growth of the clam Chamelea gallina from dredged, non-dredged and closed areas of the Turkish Black Sea coast were estimated. Von Bertalanffy growth curves were fitted for each sampling site; asymptotic length (L∞) values ranged between 25.995 and 28.883 mm and the growth coefficient (K) from 0.164 to 0.217 per year. Results indicate growth rates were significantly reduced in the far eastern commercial populations compared with those in western populations. According to our results presented here it can be concluded that C. gallina at closed area does not grow as fast as non-dredged stock and this is because of the shortness of closure season. Nevertheless we suggest that fallowing is the major precaution for the recovery of C. gallina stocks in the Black Sea.

This study examined an offshore submerged mussel longline system, in the Black Sea, from May 2009 to May 2010. The system was allowed 1 year for spat collection. After a 1-year spat collection period, some spat collectors were left untouched (NS), and some spat collectors were grazed and socked (S) for a grow-out study in May 2009. The effects of stocking density on the growth and survival of the S and NS mussels were examined. The biochemical composition of the mussels was also determined. Environmental factors including temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a, total suspended matter, inorganic matter and organic matter were monitored monthly during the experimental period. In May 2010, the mean length and live weight of the S and NS mussels were 60.46 AE 0.60 mm and 53.34 AE 0.37 mm, respectively, and 20.50 AE 0.50 g and 13.11 AE 0.26 g respectively. Mean moisture and ash were 82.35 AE 0.47% and 6.67 AE 0.44% respectively. Mean carbohydrate, protein and lipid were 27.74 AE 2.40%, 57.68 AE 2.15% and 7.91 AE 0.68% respectively. These results indicate that a submerged offshore mussel culture system in the Black Sea can be commercially convenient. In addition, stock management via thinning out of the spat can considerably increase the marketable size of mussels, reduce harvest time and produce better growth.

The study was aimed to examine a snail organic culture system and describe the cultivation properties of Cornu aspersum. The environmental parameters of the culture system and their effects on the growth and mortality rates of C. aspersum were determined between November 2014-October 2015. Snails were fed Spinacia sp. (spinach), Urtica sp. (nettles), Brassica oleracea sp (cabbage) and formulated diet. The feeding and growth rates increased with increasing temperature. Shell height growth rate was the highest in spring while the live weight growth rate was the highest in summer. Mortality rate of the baby snail was higher between November 2014 and May 2015 due to stress conditions such as handling and varying temperatures during their first stages of life. High mortality observed in adults could be associated with the spawning activity of the matured snails that caused physiological exhaustion. The result showed that the best culture cycle for C. aspersum was from spring to autumn in Black Sea region and in order to prevent postreproductive mortality, snails reached to marketable size should be harvested.

The aim of this study was to determine the growth performance, meat quality and colour attributes of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in net cage systems in the southern Black Sea coasts of Turkey. In the study, large rainbow trout with an initial weight of 1,322.07 ± 57.72 g were reached to 3,385.30 ± 140.98 g and the survival rates were 95.69 ± 1.32% in 5-month production period. Crude protein and crude fat values of fish meat were ranged between 16.75 ± 0.07-20.18 ± 0.90% and 9.22 ± 0.15-12.29 ± 0.42%, respectively (p < .05). The essential and non-essential amino acid values were between 12.92 ± 0.02-13.09 ± 0.01 g/100 g and 11.97 ± 0.14-11.47 ± 0.01 g/100 g, respectively (p > .05). C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, ɷ3 and ɷ6 values in fish meat were between 4.32 ± 0.02-4.30 ± 0.08% (p < .05), 8.31 ± 0.10-7.72 ± 0.15% (p < .05), 13.41 ± 0.10-12.93 ± 0.23% (p < .05) and 21.85 ± 0.06%-19.74 ± 0.36 (p < .05), respectively. As a result, it can be concluded that large rainbow trout cultured in the southern Black Sea coasts of Turkey is a rich source of food in terms of fatty and amino acid compositions and atherogenicity index, thrombogenicity index and hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic values. K E Y W O R D Samino acid, Black Sea, colour attributes, fatty acid, growth performance, Oncorhynchus mykiss 3764 | KAYA ÖZTÜRK eT Al.Fish meat quality, an important factor from an economic point of view, determines the price of fish and consumer acceptance.The consumer willingness for paying depends on the quality of the products such as texture and biochemical composition (such as protein and fat), and colour of fish meat is the major parameter that determines the satisfactoriness of the consumer (Haard, 1992;