As the overall population ages, elderly drivers will become a larger percentage of the driving population. However, drivingrelated accidents and injuries associated with elderly drivers are also on the rise. To determine the causes of this trend, we researched existing vehicle systems that use different sensors and signals to promote safe driving. We found that although the systems alert drivers to potential collisions and assist them in finding a location easily, they were not practical enough to protect elderly drivers. For the most part, they were not created by people with driving difficulties caused by health problems, which in turn often afflict the elderly. To address this issue, we analysed the drawbacks of the current systems and used a focus group of people with body conditions that have declined due to age to discover the problems they encounter while driving. With the focus group, we used diverse research activities, such as surveys, observations, and interviews, to demonstrate how new system features (concepts) could be developed for the elderly. Finally, we proposed that adequate system features for the elderly would improve driving safety and provide a more enjoyable driving environment for this population.
As the overall population ages, driving-related accidents and injuries, associated with elderly drivers, have risen. Existing research about elderly drivers mainly focuses on factual data collection and analysis, indicating the elderly's growing fatal accident rates and their different behaviours compared to younger drivers. However, few research has focused on design-led practical solutions to mitigate the elderly's growing fatal accidents, by considering their usability and body conditions, afflicting the elderly, such as decreased vision, hearing, and reaction times. In this paper, first, current worldwide situations on growing fatal accident rates for elderly drivers is reviewed and the key impact factors are identified and discussed with regarding to usability and design trend in the automotive technology for elderly. Second, existing smart vehicle technology-based solutions to promote safe driving are explored and their pros and cons are discussed and analysed. Most of solutions are not created by people with driving difficulties, which are caused by health problems most commonly afflicting the elderly. Thirdly, diverse design-led research activities are taken such as a survey, observation, and interviews to gain new understanding of what kinds of driving problems elderly drivers have and demonstrate how new system concepts could be developed for the elderly's benefits. Finally, it is found that the elderly's low vision and late reaction are main factors causing their driving difficulties. Based on this finding, usable vehicle system design ideas have been proposed, by utilising facial expression sensing technology as a solution. The proposed solutions would ensure reducing both the elderly's driving problems and high fatal accident rates and provide a more enjoyable driving environment for the elderly population.
To navigate websites of educational institutions when choosing where to study, future students need to have high levels of literacy to understand how such organizations represent themselves to the world. This study examines the discursive construction of organizational identity in the mission statements of selected Canadian post-secondary institutions by applying English for Specific Purposes rhetorical move/step genre analysis and lexico-grammatical analysis to understand the rhetorical organization of the mission statements and vocabulary and grammatical patterns that characterize each individual move. The findings of the analyses of a small corpus of 14 mission statements show that all mission statement samples include 'commitments' as the obligatory move; however, the primary commitments of the university mission statements differ from those of colleges, thus reflecting differences in institutional purposes and functions of the two types of post-secondary educational institutions. Practical and pedagogical implications of the study are discussed. Declarações de missão institucional: construção discursiva da identidade organizacional na educação póssecundária CanadenseResumo Para navegar nas páginas de instituições educacionais quando escolhendo onde estudar, futuros alunos precisam ter altos níveis de letramento para entender como tais organizações se representam para o mundo. Este estudo examina a construção discursiva da identidade organizacional nas declarações de missão de instituições Canadenses pós-secundária selecionadas por meio da aplicação do procedimento de análise de gêneros (SWALES, 1990) o Inglês para Fins Específicos de movimentos e passos e análise léxico-gramatical (HYON, 2018) para entender a organização retórica das declarações de missão e padrões gramaticais e lexicais que caracterizam cada movimento individual. Os resultados das análises de um pequeno corpus de 14 declarações de missões mostram que todas as amostras de declaração de missão incluem 'comprometimentos' como o movimento obrigatório; entretanto, os comprometimentos primários das declarações de missão da universidade diferenciam-se daqueles de faculdades, portanto refletindo diferenças em propósitos institucionais e funções de dois tipos de instituições educacionais póssecundária. Implicações práticas e pedagógicas do estudo são discutidos.
: Driving-related injuries associated with elderly drivers are on the rise, although the overall rate of driving-related injuries has decreased. To determine the causes of this trend, we researched existing vehicle systems that use different sensors and signals to promote safe driving. We found that although the systems alert drivers to potential collisions and assist them in finding a location easily, they were created by people who rarely use the systems in their daily lives. For the most part, they're not created by people with driving difficulties caused by health problems, which in turn often afflict the elderly. To address this issue, we analyzed the drawbacks of the current systems and used a focus group of people with body conditions that have declined due to age to discover the problems they encounter while driving. With the focus group, we used diverse research activities, such as observation and interview to demonstrate how new system concepts could be developed for the elderly. Finally, we propose that adequate system concepts for the elderly would improve driving safety and provide a more enjoyable driving environment for this population.
Driving-related injuries associated with elderly drivers are on the rise although the overall rate of driving-related injuries has decreased. To determine the causes of this trend, this chapter introduces the characteristics of the elderly's aging health conditions and driving behaviours, and also explains existing vehicle systems that use different safety technologies to promote safe driving. This chapter will show that for the most part, current systems are not created by people with driving difficulties caused by health problems, which in turn often afflict the elderly. Moreover, based on an elderly focus group with declining body conditions, this chapter uses an interview to discover the problems they encounter while driving and demonstrates how new system concepts can be developed for the elderly. Finally, this chapter proposes adequate system concepts for the elderly as a solution that would improve driving safety and provide a more enjoyable driving environment for this population.
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