Through its commitment to universalism, the inclusion of disabled people has become an increasingly prominent objective of the Paralympic Games. To achieve this, the organisers rely on the notion of legacy, which refers to the expected effects of major sporting events on host countries. This notion was initially founded on material aspects and then took an interest in certain intangible sides that were spotted within the organiser’s goals and studied in literature. Building on the historical literature about the Paralympic movement’s institutionalization, this article shows that this institutionalization took place in a context of tension between disabled communities, depending on their proximity to the Olympic model. What is the impact of this historical legacy in terms of inclusion of the greater number? By shedding light on the historical perspective of the obstacles encountered in the creation of an ‘all-disabilities’ sporting event, this article aims to discuss and challenge the current perspective on the inclusive legacy of the Paralympic Games.
International audienceThis article presents the institutional implications and ideologies in the organisation of a Sports Movement for the disabled, whether a physical or sensory handicap, and focusing particular attention on its development in France, linked with international structures. The emergence and development in France of sports organisations for the disabled is based on a different model from that introduced in England by Guttmann through the Stoke Mandeville Games. From the 1960s, both trends, one supported by physicians and the other by individuals concerned with disabilities, structured the International Movement as a contest of negotiations and competition. The objective of rehabilitating paraplegics put in place at Stoke Mandeville gradually gave way to a sport rational and the integration of all types of disability within the Movement. The desire to unite in a single organisation was the driving force of the Movement in its search for dual recognition, on the one hand, as the representative of all physical and sensory deficiencies and, on the other, by the able-bodied sports councils and, in particular, the International Olympic Committee. However, this raised a number of issues inherent to any deficiency when taking into account its specific peculiarities
Cet article tente de spécifier les enjeux d’une adaptation du modèle du Processus de production
du handicap (PPH) au vécu de la maladie chronique, et plus spécifiquement du virus de l’immunodéficience
humaine (VIH). Dans cette perspective, un éclaircissement conceptuel est proposé, car le PPH a
principalement été utilisé pour étudier les populations vivant des situations de handicap liées à des incapacités
motrices, sensorielles, intellectuelles ou comportementales. Ce modèle semble toutefois en mesure
de renouveler la lecture de l’expérience spécifique du VIH, et d’aider à saisir autrement les trajectoires de
vie des personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH). En effet, l’infection au VIH, malgré son statut de « maladie
chronique », demeure associée à un risque d’isolement social. Les modifications corporelles induites par la
maladie ou par son traitement confronte les PVVIH au regard de l’autre. Elles exposent à la visibilité du
statut sérologique et, in fine, à la peur de l’exclusion sociale. Dans ce cadre, l’analyse du Processus de
production du handicap peut permettre de comprendre les variations de la qualité de la participation sociale
et d’identifier les phases de vulnérabilité en s’intéressant notamment au rapport au corps induit par
l’infection et les traitements. Cette approche offre l’opportunité d’un nouvel éclairage sur le poids des environnements
sociaux (notamment des dispositifs de prises en charge sanitaire ou d’accompagnement
communautaire) sur les habitudes de vie et l’expérience quotidienne d’un public fragilisé socialement.
It was in 1969, six years after the creation of the first sports federation for the physically disabled in France, that regular ties started developing with the Ministry of Youth and Sports. The aim of this article is to question the impact of these ties on the evolution of the movement towards the model of 'classicʼ sports federations. Between 1968 and, data from the Ministry of Youth and Sports kept in the National Archives, added to information published in the federal press (crossed with accounts from people who figured in disabled sports at the time), reveals a reorganization of the internal relations between the managers (who are physically disabled people) and the doctors (who generally come from the field of re-education). In fact, the political recognition contributed in redefining the doctors' role regarding a project requiring the constitution of rules and regulations, as well as sports categories. These new circumstances entail their collaboration with another federal agent, who therefore becomes central: the sports technician.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.