Objective: To evaluate patients' quality of life aspects after pacemaker implantation, relating it to gender, age, and implantation timespan.Methods: A total of 107 clinically stable patients of both genders (49.5% women and 50.5% men) over 18 years old (average 69.3±12.6 years) and presenting an implantation timespan of three to 12 months (average 6.36±2.99 months) were evaluated. The evaluation included personal, clinical, and implant data as well as quality of life questionnaires (AQUAREL and SF-36). Statistical analysis was conducted using the t test and Pearson correlation. with a 5% significance level.Results: The lowest SF-36 score referred to physical aspects, and the highest score referred to social aspects. In AQUAREL. the lowest score referred to dyspnea, and the highest referred to discomfort. There was a significant association between gender and quality of life in SF-36 (physical functioning and emotional aspects) and in AQUAREL (dyspnea). A negative correlation was observed between age and quality of life (functional capacity in SF-36, and discomfort in AQUAREL) in relation to implantation timespan, a correlation with vitality from SF-36. Conclusion:Lower quality of life scores were found in physical aspects and dyspnea; and higher scores in social aspects and discomfort. Men presented higher quality of life scores related to physical functioning, emotional aspects and dyspnea. As age increases, quality of life worsens regarding functional capacity and discomfort; and the longer the pacemaker implantation timespan, the worse quality of life when it comes to vitality. Gender, age, and implantation timespan influence quality of life; thus, these variables must be considered in strategies for improving quality of life of patients with pacemakers. Descriptors
RBCCV 44205-847 Avaliação da intensidade de dor e da funcionalidade no pós-operatório recente de cirurgia cardíacaPain intensity and postoperative functional assessment after heart surgery Abstract Objective: To evaluate, in patients submitted to heart surgery, the intensity of pain and the level of functionality during the preoperative period, on the 7 th postoperative day and at hospital discharge. A secondary objective was to evaluate any possible relationship between pain and functionality taking into account the following variables: gender, age, first heart surgery or re-interventions, use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), type of surgery and physiotherapeutic follow-up.Method: Forty-one patients who had undergone elective heart surgery at the Teaching Hospital of Botucatu/UNESP were studied. Pain intensity was measured using the VAS scale and functionality by the FIM scale (Functional Independence Measure) in the physical domain.Results: It was observed that the intensity of pain was higher on the 7 th postoperative day when compared with the preoperative period and at hospital discharge. No pain rating score was shown in the preoperative period, while a median pain intensity of 3 (moderate pain), was noted at hospital discharge. The highest levels of functional loss occurred on the 7 th postoperative day compared to the total scores obtained in the preoperative period and at hospital discharge. A significant correlation between pain and functionality was observed; a decrease in level of pain between the 7 th postoperative day and hospital discharge contributed to an increase in the functional levels.Conclusion: The evaluations performed in the BORGES, JBC ET AL -Pain intensity and postoperative functional assessment after heart surgery Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 21(4): 393-402
ResumoObjetivo: avaliar cefalometricamente os 33 fatores cefalométricos, em norma lateral, dos 6 campos da análise de Ricketts em brasileiros e compará-los aos padrões cefalométricos de americanos. Metodologia: foram avaliados75 indivíduos brasileiros leucodermas, com idade variando entre 12 e 15 anos, considerados de melhor estética, equilíbrio, harmonia facial e, principalmente, portadores de oclusão dentária excelente, selecionados em uma triagem de 14.000 escolares de 1º e 2º grau da região de Marília, Assis e Ourinhos/SP. Todos os 33 fatores das medidas cefalométricas dos 75 indivíduos foram comparados com os resultados obtidos por Ricketts em uma amostra de leucodermas americanos e submetidos a tratamento estatístico. Resultados e Conclusões: foi possível concluir que 1) em nível esquelético, a maxila teve um comportamento dentro dos padrões preconizados pelo autor e a mandíbula teve uma tendência ao crescimento mais horizontal, tanto no seu corpo como no seu ramo; 2) a nível dentário, os incisivos inferiores se posicionaram mais anteriormente e com inclinação maior, o trespasse horizontal, vertical e a extrusão dos incisivos inferiores também estavam sensivelmente aumentados, provavelmente pela tendência ao crescimento horizontal da mandíbula; 3) o lábio inferior, em relação ao plano estético "E" de Ricketts, teve um posicionamento mais anterior em comparação ao padrão preconizado pelo autor; 4) os desvios clínicos na maioria dos fatores foram bem maiores nos brasileiros, em relação aos americanos, provavelmente devido à maior miscigenação nos leucodermas brasileiros.Palavras-chave: Cefalometria. Análise de Ricketts. Padrões em brasileiros. INTRODUÇÃOA evolução da Ortodontia, ao longo do tempo da história e em função da diversificação de filosofias, técnicas e mecânicas ortodônticas utilizadas, têm contribuído para restabelecer no paciente o equilíbrio oclusal e estética facial.Para tanto, a cefalometria radiográfica tem fornecido muitos elementos aos ortodontistas em seu campo de trabalho, seja na pesquisa ou na prática clínica, dando-lhes informações a respeito da oclusão, da relação de bases ósseas da maxila e mandí-bula -em sentido longitudinal -e da relação do posicionamento dos dentes. A cefalometria constitui um dos elementos auxiliares mais importan-
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