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(1)H NMR spectroscopy was applied to discriminate triple concentrated tomato paste coming from two different countries. Notwithstanding different tomato cultivars and ripening stages employed to obtain the final product, significant discrimination between Italian and Chinese samples was obtained by combining NMR data and principal component analysis. Supervised orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) technique was used to build robust classification models, while S-plot was employed to identify statistically significant variables responsible for class separation. Citrate content resulted in being the most relevant chemical compound for Chinese and Italian sample differentiation. In order to highlight other compounds able to contribute to sample differentiation, citrate content was excluded, and a new classification model was built. This latter model indicated aspartate, glutamine, and sugars as important variables in sample differentiation.

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The aim of this paper is to understand the consumer's attitude towards alcohol free beers in Italy by using a quantitative concept analysis. The method uses conjoint analysis with consumers of Italian beer, living in different geographical areas. Results show that packaging (RI = 56.24%) is the main attribute considered, followed by price, flavour, claims and colour. As far as part-worths are concerned, glass and twist-off caps are the utilities that most increase the preference. They are followed by malty and fruity characters, a price of less than 0.80 Euros, a remarkable body and intended for young adults. In contrast, plastics, a price of over 1.25 Euros, organic raw materials and imports showed the greatest negative impact on preference. These findings can be used as a base for new product development and for media communication purposes.