Triple Concentrated Tomato Paste: Discrimination between Italian and Chinese Products

Abstract

(1)H NMR spectroscopy was applied to discriminate triple concentrated tomato paste coming from two different countries. Notwithstanding different tomato cultivars and ripening stages employed to obtain the final product, significant discrimination between Italian and Chinese samples was obtained by combining NMR data and principal component analysis. Supervised orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) technique was used to build robust classification models, while S-plot was employed to identify statistically significant variables responsible for class separation. Citrate content resulted in being the most relevant chemical compound for Chinese and Italian sample differentiation. In order to highlight other compounds able to contribute to sample differentiation, citrate content was excluded, and a new classification model was built. This latter model indicated aspartate, glutamine, and sugars as important variables in sample differentiation.

Chemotype and genotype combined analysis applied to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) analytical traceability

“…Recently, Consonni et al (2009) showed that 1 H NMR spectroscopy is useful for discriminating triple concentrate tomato paste coming from Italy and China, confirming significant discrimination. Citrate (and not other parameters like lycopene, particularly affected by the processing and the storage) was identified as the most relevant parameter for discrimination, followed by some amino acids (aspartate and glutamine) and sugars.…”

Evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) adulteration with plant adulterants by 1H NMR metabolite fingerprinting

“…The complexity of NMR data in food metabolomics studies is clearly the primary impetus for the coupling of NMR spectroscopy with multivariate statistical methods, capable of gathering samples with similar features Tomassini, Capuani, Delfini, & Miccheli, 2013). Among them, supervised methods that may enhance classification performance, such as orthogonal projection to latent structures -discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and its bidirectional modifications (O2PLS-DA) (Bylesjö, Rantalainen, Cloarec, Nicholson, Holmes, & Trygg, 2006), have shown great potential to determine the authenticity of various foodstuffs, mainly on the basis of their geographical or botanical origin (Consonni, Cagliani, & Cogliati, 2012a, 2012bConsonni, Cagliani, Stocchero, & Porretta, 2009Fotakis et al, 2013).…”

The volatile fraction profiling of fresh tomatoes and triple concentrate tomato pastes as parameter for the determination of geographical origin

“…In particular, two studies were dealing with the determination of geographical origin of cherry tomatoes (Sequi, Dell'Abate, & Valentini, 2007) and triple concentrated tomato pastes (Consonni, Cagliani, Stocchero, & Porretta, 2009) by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, our research group has demonstrated that the multi element profiling obtain using ICP-MS followed by a suitable statistical treatment of data can be successfully used in this type of investigation (Lo Feudo et al, 2010).…”