Abstract:This research builds upon prior validation studies of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) survey by utilizing multiple ratings measures to validate the survey's tripartite structure (teaching presence, social presence, & cognitive presence). In prior studies exploring the construct validity of these 3 subscales, only respondents' course ratings were utilized. This study asked participants to additionally rate the importance of each CoI survey item. Descriptive analyses of the gaps between course rating scores and the respective item importance ratings revealed that social presence items, perceived as the least important of the CoI subscales, yielded the gap scores with least variability, while gaps in teaching presence items revealed areas where instructors might focus more attention. Multiplicative scores for each item were computed as the product of an item's course rating score and its corresponding importance rating. Even when including this additional measure of perceived importance, factor analysis of multiplicative scores (item rating * importance rating) supported the CoI model's tripartite structure, and so prior validation studies.
IntroductionThe issues addressed in this research are the relevance of the items in the Community of
There has been relatively little empirical research into the causes of research misconduct. To begin to address this void, the authors collected data from closed case files of the Office of Research Integrity (ORI). These data were in the form of statements extracted from ORI file documents including transcripts, investigative reports, witness statements, and correspondence. Researchers assigned these statements to 44 different concepts. These concepts were then analyzed using multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis. The authors chose a solution consisting of seven clusters: (1) personal and professional stressors, (2) organizational climate, (3) job insecurities, (4) rationalizations A, (5) personal inhibitions, (6) rationalizations B and, (7) personality factors. The authors discuss the implications of their findings for policy and for future research.
Findings from this study suggest teachers were successfully able to integrate science and nutrition to meet multiple academic standards. More specifically, results showed implementation of the integrative FMI curriculum effectively improved fourth-graders' nutrition knowledge compared with students not exposed to FMI.
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