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The motivation(s) of the sport tourist has been a regular source of discussion within much of the sport tourism literature (Gammon and Robinson, 1997; Gibson, 1998a; Hinch and Higham, 2004; Kurtzman and Zauhar, 1995a; Standeven and De Knop, 1999). Much consideration has been paid to the interaction and influence each sport or tourism motive has upon the other. This paper discusses the complexity of combining these motives; concluding that it is unrealistic to list all the possible motivational variations, but more enlightening to suggest that a relationship exists based upon primary and secondary considerations. Using this premise, a sport tourism framework is detailed (originally outlined in 1997) which not only illustrates a tentative sport tourist typology (based upon competitiveness, recreation, activity and passivity) but also a method which organisations can utilise, in order to identify current and future sport tourism developments. Four applications of the framework are included which demonstrate its utility with regards to general, domestic, local and sport specific profiling. Lastly, it is suggested that a sport tourism index be created where countries, regions and cities can compare their current sport tourism offerings with either competitors or national/international averages.

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Sport-related heritage is increasingly being recognized as a potent instigator of tourism, though it is usually incorporated within the context of nostalgia sport tourism. While sites, attractions and experiences about the sporting past often provide a venue for the sport tourist to engage with nostalgia, what has become more evident is that housing all elements related to sports-related history beneath nostalgia's roof is misleading. Heritage, on the other hand, is a broader, more encompassing term that may better represent the issues and topics that remain so fundamental to our understanding of sport-related tourism. This paper situates nostalgia sport tourism within a heritage context and finds that heritage is a more fitting categorization for this form of sport tourism. Four characterizations of sport heritage are identified: tangible immovable sport heritage, tangible movable sport heritage, intangible sport heritage, and goods and services with a sport heritage component. These categorizations do not discount the role of nostalgia in sport travel. However, the vast majority of attractions and experiences related to the sporting past reflect a more holistic purpose, to which nostalgia is but one of several components.

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'We had the most wonderful times': seaside nostalgia at a British resort. DAVID JARRATT and SEAN GAMMONMorecambe is a traditional British seaside resort that experienced a dynamic ebb and flow of visitors. It still attracts visitors, many of whom are from the North of England and in the second half of their lives. The experiences of such traditional seaside markets have not been examined as carefully by academics in recent years as one might assume. All too often this subject falls between the gap between serious academic study and popular culture, which supports narratives focussing on the apparent decline of an idealised seaside (Walton, 2014). Instead this paper attempts to gain an understanding of this seaside experience, and is based around ten semi-structured interviews with 55-74 year old repeat North of England visitors to Morecambe. It considers their nostalgic connection and reaction to the resort, which emerged as a significant element of visitor experience. The seaside is considered timeless by these visitors and facilitates a reverie through which one can temporarily revisit a past which is populated by childhood memories of family members. The resort allows visitors to fleetingly transcend time, through immersion in the unchanging resort with its timeless seacape. This reconnection with the past highlights a dissatisfaction with the present which hinges on the loss of childhood. Yet nostalgia also allowed for a positive re-telling of the past which underpinned family narratives and contributed to the cross-generational appeal of the beach.