This study aims to explain how the ecological wisdom is manifested in Karo and Kasada. Karo and Kasada are Tenggerese traditions rooted in oral literature. Both traditions are closely related to environmental wisdom which is interesting to be studied in regard with ecological issues that have become global issues. The data in this study include library data and field data. The library data come from written information and reports on two rituals obtained from articles, journals, and research reports. The field data come from interviews with Dukun Pandita in Tengger, talking about rituals and folklore that underlie, them and observation of ritual events. The data is then categorized into descriptive units and interpreted using ecocriticism approach. The results show that the nature, nurture, and culture intertwine with the essence of Karo and Kasada so that every ritual practice cannot be separated from the symbolization of the relationship between humans and nature, which is about how humans and all practices of culture respect and maintain harmonious relations with the environment.
This study aims to examine the portrait of linguistic landscape (LL) and its social aspects as reflected in the health protocols (Prokes ‘Protokol Kesehatan') banners and billboards in public spaces in Malang. Thus, it attempts to answer two questions: (1) what are the perceptions and attitudes of the people of Malang city towards the various calls for health protocol? and (2) how effective are the calls in impeding the outbreak of Covid-19 in Malang city? According to Backhaus (2006), several important criteria to consider to ensure valid data collection in LL study are geographic location, characteristics of banners and billboards, and what counts as monolingual and multilingual banners. The research areas were therefore divided into two: (1) some residential areas and shopping centers in Malang city to collect non-official signs and (2) city centers which include major arterial roads, Pasar Besar area, city square, and areas around the city hall to collect official signs. Data in the form of photos of billboards and banners were taken using a mobile phone camera between May and July 2021. The curated 63 photos of Prokes banners and billboards were then qualitatively analyzed following the LL framework (Backhaus, 2006; Spolsky & Cooper, 1991) and triangulated with data from interviews. Adopting random sampling technique, 11 interviewees belonging to the middle class and 10 from the lower class were chosen to determine public perceptions of the effectiveness of the calls. The results show that the non-official banners featured more multilingual banners than did the official ones, and hence amplifying the results of the existing research on LL. As for the respondents’ perception, official banners were more preferable as they used Boso Walikan and were more assertive and illustrative. Although the two respondent groups agreed that the banners were not effective, they had different views about what mediums were more effective. The middle class considered campaigns using social media to be more effective, while the lower class preferred direct counseling. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potret lanskap linguistik (LL) dan aspek sosialnya sebagaimana tercermin dalam spanduk dan baliho Protokol Kesehatan (Prokes) di ruang publik di Kota Malang. Dengan demikian, ada dua pertanyaan yang akan dijawab: (1) bagaimana persepsi dan sikap masyarakat kota Malang terhadap berbagai seruan Protokol Kesehatan tersebut? dan (2) seberapa efektif himbauan tersebut untuk menanggulangi penyebaran Covid-19 di kota Malang? Menurut Backhaus (Backhaus, 2006), beberapa kriteria penting yang perlu diperhatikan untuk memastikan pengumpulan data yang valid dalam studi LL adalah lokasi geografis, karakteristik spanduk dan baliho, dan tolok ukur spanduk monolingual dan multilingual. Oleh karena itu, lokus penelitian dibagi menjadi dua: (1) beberapa kawasan pemukiman dan pusat perbelanjaan di kota Malang untuk mengumpulkan rambu-rambu non-resmi dan (2) pusat kota yang meliputi jalan utama, kawasan Pasar Besar, alun-alun kota, dan kawasan sekitar Balai Kota untuk mengumpulkan rambu-rambu resmi. Data berupa foto baliho dan spanduk diambil menggunakan kamera ponsel antara bulan Mei dan Juli 2021. Sebanyak 63 foto spanduk dan baliho Prokes yang terpilih kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif menggunakan kerangka LL (Backhaus, 2006; Spolsky & Cooper, 1991) dan ditriangulasi dengan data hasil wawancara. Mengadopsi teknik random sampling, 11 orang dari kelas menengah dan 10 orang dari kelas bawah dipilih untuk diwawancarai guna memahami persepsi mereka tentang efektivitas himbauan Prokes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spanduk tidak resmi menampilkan lebih banyak spanduk multibahasa daripada spanduk resmi, dan dengan demikian memperkuat hasil penelitian terdahulu tentang LL. Adapun terkait persepsi responden, spanduk resmi lebih disukai karena menggunakan Boso Walikan dan lebih tegas serta ilustratif. Meskipun kedua kelompok responden sepakat bahwa spanduk tidak efektif, mereka memiliki pandangan yang berbeda tentang media apa yang lebih efektif. Kelas menengah menganggap kampanye menggunakan media sosial lebih efektif, sedangkan kelas bawah lebih menyukai penyuluhan langsung.
AbstrakMasyarakat Indonesia terdiri dari individu-individu yang memiliki latar belakang budaya, agama, suku dan bahasa yang beragam. Dengan semakin banyaknya masalah sosial saat ini, perlu adanya sebuah ruang baru bagi masyarakat dimana nilai-nilai harmoni, toleransi, dan kohesi hadir di dalamnya. Pemerintah melalui sekolah berupaya menanamkan nilai-nilai tersebut. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan oleh sekolah adalah melalui pendidikan interkultural (intercultural education). Pendidikan interkultural dapat diintegrasikan ke dalam berbagai aspek kegiatan sekolah, salah satunya adalah pengajaran mata pelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia. Disini, penulis ingin memetakan sejauh mana konsep pendidikan interkultural hadir melalui materi ajar dengan mengambil studi kasus di SMAN 3 Malang. Untuk menganalisis konsep pembelajaran pendidikan interkultural di SMAN 3 Malang, penulis menelaah materi ajar sastra yang dipakai oleh guru dan proses Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar-nya di dalam ruang-ruang kelas. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa materi ajar sastra yang dipakai di SMAN 3 Malang sudah berisi muatan pendidikan interkultural dan konsep tersebut sudah teraplikasikan di proses belajar mengajar. Hasil ini sejalan dengan Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi Dasar Bahasa Indonesia yang digariskan oleh Pemerintah dalam usaha membentuk ruang masyarakat Indonesia yang toleran dan harmonis. Kata kunci: pendidikan interkultural, ruang nasionalisme dinamisAbstract Indonesia consists of individuals who have diverse cultural, religious, ethnic and linguistic backgrounds. With the escalation of social problems nowadays, there needs to be a new space for society in which the values of harmony, tolerance and cohesion are nurtured. The government through schools seeks to instill these values. One of the efforts that can be made by schools is through intercultural education. Intercultural education can be integrated into various aspects of school activities, one of which is the teaching of Indonesian Language and Literature subject. Here, the authors attempt to map the extent to which the concept of intercultural education is present through the teaching materials by conducting a case study at SMAN 3 Malang. To analyze the concept of intercultural education at SMAN 3 Malang, the authors reviewed the literary teaching materials used by the teachers and observed the Teaching and Learning Activities in the classrooms. The results of the analysis show that the literary teaching materials used at SMAN 3 Malang already contain the competencies of intercultural education and the concept has been applied in the teaching and learning process. These results are in line with the Core Competencies and Basic Indonesian language Competencies outlined by the Government in an effort to form the space of tolerant and harmonious Indonesian society.
Narasi fantasi, fiksi ilmiah, dan realisme magis mempunyai satu unsur yang sama yaitu elemen yang tidak rasional atau disebut extraordinary element. Namun demikian unsur ini tidak digunakan dengan cara yang sama dalam ketiga narasi tersebut sehingga membedakan jenis narasinya. Artikel ini akan mengkaji karakteristik narasi fantasi, fiksi ilmiah, dan realisme magis untuk melihat keberadaan extraordinary element di dalamnya serta fungsinya dalam pembentukan plot. Karakteristik ini akan diambil dari studi pustaka sekaligus dari hasil identifikasi beberapa karya sastra yang telah dilegitimasi sebagai teks dengan narasi-narasi tersebut. Artikel ini menunjukkan keberadaan extraordinary element dalam ketiga jenis narasi ditampilkan dengan aturan yang berbeda sehingga sebuah teks bisa dikatakan memakai gaya narasi fantasi, fiksi ilmiah, atau realisme magis. Extraordinary element dalam fantasi merupakan rekaan yang menciptakan dunia sendiri dan aturan yang memakai logikanya sendiri yang berbeda dengan logika dunia non-fiksi. Extraordinary element dalam fiksi ilmiah merupakan rekaan yang tetap harus berbasis aturan logika ilmu pengetahuan dalam dunia non-fiksi. Sedangkan extraordinary element dalam realisme magisberbasis mitos budaya yang diperlakukan sebagai hal biasa dan bukan dirayakan sebagai pusat tontonan. Artikel ini menggunakan metode perbandingan naratologi. Hasil artikel ini diharapkan bisa membantu para akademisi lainnya, terutama mahasiswa, untuk menentukan obyek material yang tepat sesuai teori yang ingin mereka terapkan; misalnya memilih narasi realisme magis untuk studi poskolonial, narasi fantasi dan fiksi ilmiah untuk studi cultural studies.
This research discusses discourse of nationalism in Garin Nugroho’s Soegija, a biopic which premiered in 2012. The film is chosen because it presents the story of Soegijapranata, an intellectual who is not from dominant nationalist groups, during the era of independence movement; he is neither a prominent military figure nor a figure from the largest religious group in Indonesia. This film is analyzed to investigate its position in ideological contestations emerging after the Reformation, particularly after the 2000s. Seymour Chatman’s postulates regarding story and discourse in narrative structure of fiction and film (1978) is used as a theoretical framework for this research. The results show that discourse of nationalism is presented in the narrative structure of the film in the form of arguing the idea of universal humanity in the context of Indonesia as a nation. This effort is portrayed by the main character’s intellectual struggles against shallow primordialism that influences both Indonesian people’s perspectives during independence movement era and foreign people’s point of views, the colonizers, which are represented by subversive actions of the Dutch and Japanese in Indonesia. The values of universal humanity that have been adopted into the spirit of nationalism are stated through the main characters’ statements and actions. It can be concluded that the concept of nationalism in Indonesia is said to be born from a long struggle against oppression and injustice. This concept has become a dominant ideology which remains relevant, as implied in Soegija.
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