Purpose In a novel approach, certain organic wastes byproducts of agro industries were assessed for their ability to support maize growth and Zn bioavailability in maize grain. Methods In a field experiment, maize (Zea mays) was supplemented with farm yard manure (FYM), press mud (PM), fisheries manure (FM), and slaughter house waste (SHW) in combination with Zn soil application (ZnS) and Zn foliar spray (ZnF) with recommended doses of N:P:K (140:100:60 kg ha −1 ), respectively. Besides assessing the maize growth, grain, and straw yield, Zn bioavailability in maize grain was also studied. Results Organic materials combined with ZnS and ZnF significantly increased the maize yield and Zn bioavailability. PM + ZnS increased the grain yield by 69.71%, while FM + ZnF and FYM + ZnF increased the grain Zn concentration by 86.37 and 86.16%, respectively. Moreover, grain Zn content was greatly influenced by PM + ZnS and PM + ZnF resulted an average increase by 160%. Phytate concentration and phytae:Zn molar ratio in grain were decreased by 30.34 and 66.92%, respectively by FYM + ZnF. Estimated Zn bioavailability ranged from 0.92 to 2.04 mg Zn/300 g in maize grain, and was maximum by PM and FYM combined with ZnF. Conclusion Organic manures influence the nutrient uptake from soil, increase the product quality, and act as a good organic fertilizer. The current study revealed that organic manures can enhance crop growth and Zn uptake in grain in sustainable manner. It would be an eco-friendly approach by utilizing organic wastes annually generated by agro industries.
Purpose This study was conducted to determine the effect of compost supplemented with jatropha cake on maize (Zea mays L) yield in a degraded soil and their residual effects on soil fertility in Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods Field trials were conducted at Kwara State University Teaching and Research Farm, Malete, in 2016/2017 cropping season. The treatments consisted of control, un-amended compost Grade B supplemented with Jatropha cake AJ (30% Grade B + 70% JC) at 1.5 t/ha, BJ (30% Grade B + 70% JC) at 2.0 t/ha, CJ (50% Grade B + 50% JC) at 2.5 t/ha including NPK at 60 kg N/ha. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Results Maize grain yield (3.1 t/ha) was obtained from CJ at 2.5 t/ha this was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that of NPK treatment (2.2 t/ha) after the first cropping. At second trials, maize grain yield values gotten from CJ at 2.5 t/ha were also significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that of NPK values. Treatments CJ at 2.5 t/ha significantly (p < 0.05) improved soil pH, available P and exchangeable K. Conclusion Fertilizer 50% Grade B + 50% Jatropha cake at 2.5 t/ha had a significant and positive effect on soil fertility after harvesting of maize when compared with NPK in both cropping.
The photocatalytic decolorization of indigo carmine (acid blue 74) in an oxidation process was studied using a silica-calcium zirconate (CZS) powder as a semiconductor photocatalyst in a batch reactor equipped with a 15W low-pressure mercury lamp. The effects of various influential parameters including initial dye concentration, photocatalyst dose, pH, temperature and stirring rate on the dye decolorization were also optimized. The optimum value of initial dye concentration, photocatalyst concentration and stirring rate were 5 ppm, 0.04 g/L, and 600 rpm, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum decolorization was observed at the pH of 3. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectra (FT-IR) techniques were used to confirm the formation of photocatalyst. The particle size and specific surface area of photocatalyst were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) theory. UV-Vis spectroscopy was employed to evaluate the dye degradation and LC-MS technique was used to evaluate the formation of the intermediate compounds. The results indicate that silica-calcium zirconate nanocomposite is suitable for the degradation of organic pollutants from wastewater.
The leaching of salts through facilitating the permeability process is very important for irrigation systems planning. The negative effect of soil compaction on plant growth is an integration of multidirectional influences, such as the reduction of aeration to the roots. This research was done at Babolsar city, Mazandaran province, Iran to investigate the effect of magnetized water and different irrigation water salinity treatments on cumulative and final infiltration rate and soil electrical conductivity. The experimental treatments include magnetized and non-magnetized irrigation water, different level of irrigation water salinity (0.58 dSm-1 , 6.5 dSm-1 , and 13 dSm-1) and variable soil texture (loamy-sand, loam, and clay). The factorial experiment was conducted with a complete randomized block design with three replications. Magnetized water was obtained by passing the water via a strong magnetic field installed on the irrigation pipeline. The results exposed that the effects of soil texture and magnetized irrigation water on the final infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration were significant (P<0.01). Final infiltration rates and cumulative infiltration in magnetized water treatment was greater than non-magnetized treatment. The magnetized irrigation water had the most effect on the infiltration capacity of clay soil. Also, the results showed that magnetized water could decrease soil electrical conductivity in the soil profile, and this effect at a 1% level was significant. It was concluded that magnetized water can be used as an effective technique for desalinization in agriculture.
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