Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are defined as complaints or disorders that cause discomfort to the musculoskeletal system. During lecture activities, students are mostly in a static posture. Static and repetitive muscle loading when sitting for a long period can cause muscle fatigue due to the accumulation of lactic acid. Besides, it produces discomfort or pain in the musculoskeletal system. The purpose of the research is to describe an overview of musculoskeletal disorders in undergraduate students of the Bachelor and Professional Program of Physical Therapy Faculty of Medicine Udayana University during the lecture. Methods: The method of this research is descriptive-analytic with a cross-sectional, which has been carried out from October to November 2021. This research used a total sampling technique. The participants were undergraduate students of the Bachelor and Professional of Physical Therapy Program, College of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, with a total of 196 participants who met the established criteria. Researchers measured musculoskeletal disorders using a Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire. Analysis of research data using univariate analysis, namely age, gender, body mass index, study period, duration of the study, and musculoskeletal disorders. Results: The results showed that musculoskeletal disorders were mostly complained of by students, namely the waist 61.7%, then the back 59%, followed by complaints in the lower neck 53.6% and upper neck 47.4% while the lowest complaints occurred in the left leg with a percentage of 5.6%. Conclusion: A total of 177 (90.3%) students had musculoskeletal disorders during lectures and 19 (9.7%) did not experience musculoskeletal disorders during lectures, and 94.4% had a low risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The risk of low musculoskeletal disorders can be interpreted as not requiring improvement.

Background: Osteoarthritis is a common disease that has become one of the main causes of disability and is ranked fourth as a contributing factor of disability. In Indonesia, many healthcare professionals, including physiotherapists, treat patients with various stages of osteoarthritis. Physiotherapists have a crucial role in improving the functional ability of patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, many of them do not use appropriate outcome measures to document patients' improvements.Objective: This literature review aimed to summarize the available outcome measures that can be used to measure the functional ability of patients with knee osteoarthritis, in order to increase the awareness and knowledge of healthcare professionals, particularly physiotherapists, regarding the use of available outcome measures. Methods: The method used was literature review. Literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the main keywords:

Low back pain (LBP) is a common problem and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Mechanical LBP is a cumulative process caused by physical workloads, errors when lifting, and poor posture while working, which causes the lower back to experience heavy mechanical stress. This can result in pain and limitation of motion in the lumbar spine, thereby increasing the level of disability. The combination of ultrasound therapy with back massage is often used in general to treat mechanical LBP. The addition of home-based exercise to this combination is expected to accelerate tissue repair, reduce pain, and increase the range of joint motion, and it is expected that disability will decrease. This study aimed to compare the combination of back massage and ultrasound therapy with or without home based exercise in reducing disability due to mechanical LBP. This single blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted for 4 weeks involving 24 subjects with mechanical LBP, who were randomly assigned to a treatment group or control group. Disability due to mechanical LBP was measured using the Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODI), which was assessed at baseline and after the last treatment was given. After treatment, between-group analysis using the independent t-test found the mean reduction of MODI score significantly different between the intervention and control group after receiving the intervention. Therefore, it can be concluded that the addition of home-based exercise to back massage and ultrasound therapy can significantly reduce disability due to mechanical LBP.

Background: Overweight/obesity is a global health problem, both in developed and developing countries and the number of overweight/obese people increases every year. Being overweight during childhood increases the risk of obesity in adulthood and can lead to musculoskeletal disorders, one of which is genu valgum. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of genu valgum in children aged 10-12 years who are overweight/obese in Sanur Kaja Village, Denpasar.Methods: This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted at elementary schools in Sanur Kaja Village in April 2019. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. A total of 78 children were included in this study. The univariate analysis in this study was genu valgum, overweight/obesity, age, and gender.Result: The prevalence of genu valgum in children aged 10-12 years in Sanur Kaja Village was 46.7% in overweight children and 53.3% in obese children, with 30 people (38.5%) experiencing genu valgum out of the total sample of 78 people (100%).Conclusion: Based on the result of this study, the incidence of genu valgum was higher in children aged 10-12 years who were obese compared to children with overweight body mass index.  It is recommended that children who are obese and overweight to control their eating patterns, maintain normal body weight, and do enough physical activity.

Mechanical Low Back Pain (LBP) is the result of poor posture which causes mechanical stress on the lower back. Data from Sanglah General Hospital in 2010 stated that of the 249 outpatient LBP patients, 26% -37% had a tendency to relapse, and 11% -12% had disabilities. LBP does not only have an impact on health, especially on musculoskeletal injuries, but it can give an impact on work and work productivity which it can have an impact on patient finances. Effective treatment for LBP can be a solution to patient complaints. Physiotherapists can provide treatments such as Ultrasound, Mulligan Bent Leg and Back Massage. This study was purpose to compare the effectiveness of the combination of Back Massage and Ultrasound with Mulligan Bent Leg Raise and Ultrasound in reducing pain and disability due to Mechanical LBP. The research method used was experimental randomized pre-test and post-test control group design. The results of this study were back massage intervention with ultrasound (p <0.001) and mulligan bent leg with ultrasound (p <0.001) can reduce disability and pain in patients with mechanical LBP, and Mulligan bent leg with ultrasound (p <0.001) proved to be more effective. compared back massage with ultrasound in reducing disability and pain in mechanical LBP patients. Keyword: Massage, Mulligan, Mechanical Low Back Pain, Pain, Disability

Pendahuluan: Pengoperasian transportasi umum khususnya bus membutuhkan sopir yang berkompeten dalam menjalankan tugasnya demi menjamin keamanan dan keselamatan penumpangnya. Faktor penting yang seharusnya menunjang dalam melakukan aktivitas pekerjaan sebagai seorang sopir adalah untuk tetap menjaga posisi duduk mengemudi secara ergonomis agar tidak terjadi permasalahan pada postur yang mengganggu. Salah satu akibat dari tidak ergonomisnya posisi duduk mengemudi pada sopir adalah Forward Head Posture (FHP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah hubungan posisi duduk mengemudi dengan kejadian forward head posture pada sopir Bus Rapid Transit. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan Maret - April 2021. Sampel penelitian adalah  sopir bus Trans Sarbagita dan Trans Metro Dewata dengan jumlah 54 sampel yang dipilih melalui teknik consecutive sampling. Peneliti melakukan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, lalu mengukur posisi duduk mengemudi menggunakan Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), dan forward head posture dengan mencari nilai Craniovertebral Angle (CVA). Hasil: Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis bivariat dengan uji chi square. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang signifikan (p=0,001), antara posisi duduk mengemudi dengan FHP pada sopir Bus Rapid Transit di Provinsi Bali. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara posisi duduk mengemudi dengan kejadian forward head posture pada sopir Bus Rapid Transit di Provinsi Bali.   Kata Kunci: posisi duduk mengemudi, FHP, sopir bus

Pendahuluan: Jumlah penduduk di Indonesia cukup padat, termasuk jumlah lansia yang akan terus meningkat. Tahun 2020 saja diprediksi jumlah lansia akan mencapai 27,08 juta dan akan terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pada lansia terjadi proses penurunan kemampuan fungsi organ dan sistem tubuh yang bersifat fisiologis yang merupakan akibat dari proses penuaan. Salah satu perubahan akibat penuaan adalah menurunnya kekuatan otot tungkai bawah yang akan menimbulkan dampak negatif seperti meningkatkan risiko jatuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk apakah terdapat hubungan antara kekuatan otot tungkai bawah dengan risiko jatuh pada lansia.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2021. Sampel penelitian adalah  orang lansia di Desa Dauh Puri Klod, Denpasar Barat dengan jumlah 65 sampel yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Peneliti melakukan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, lalu mengukur kekuatan otot tungkai bawah menggunakan Leg dynamometer dan risiko jatuh menggunakan Tinetti balance and gait evaluation.Hasil: Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi-square. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang signifikan (p=0,000), antara kekuatan otot tungkai bawah dengan risiko jatuh pada lanjut usia di Desa Dauh Puri Klod, Denpasar Barat.Simpulan: Dapat disimpulkam bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kekuatan otot tungkai bawah dengan risiko jatuh pada lansia di Desa Dauh Puri Klod, Denpasar Barat. Kata Kunci: kekuatan tungkai bawah, risiko jatuh, lansia

Non-specific neck pain is neck pain that arises due to the wrong posture when doing activities or working for a long time. Based on a study, as many as 40% of the total population experience neck pain, while workers found as many as 6-76%. Pain in the neck area if not followed up properly will have an impact on a person's activities, productivity, and income as well as the quality of life. Clinical management of this case can be in the form of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT) therapy and Ultrasound Therapy which directly works on pain trigger points. Postural correction and home-based exercise (HBE) are intervention services in the form of preventive, promotive, and curative that are safe and inexpensive to do at home. This pre-experimental research was taken using a randomized pre-test and post-test control group design method. This method carries out short-term goals in the form of accurate and valid results carried out by carrying out research according to the specified procedure and time. The aim of long-term research is to carry out the application of research results on an ongoing basis through postural correction and home-based exercise interventions with INIT and Ultrasound Therapy so that it can reduce disability and the data obtained is useful for researchers, subject, and for the Indonesian people. This research is included in TKT 3 category. Keyword: Postural Correction, INIT, Ultrasound Therapy, Non-specific neck pain