Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) is the second largest intergovernmental organization after UN with its• JEL Classification : F13, F15, F17, R13, O50•
We demonstrate that there are links between international trade and environmental control, heretofore unappreciated, which might substantially alter the ef®cacy of various governmental policies to control pollution. One concern about national environmental policies is that, whereas the bene®ts of certain types of abatement might be international or even worldwide, the costs will be borne strictly by the consumers and ®rms of the country which institutes the policy. As a result, for those types of pollution which are global (such as greenhouse gases) there will be too little pollution abatement. Our ®rst result is that this pessimistic conclusion may be unwarranted. In a 2 Â 2 Ricardian model, we also show cases where the non-cooperative contribution of countries to global environmental protection, contrary to the conventional results, exceeds that of the cooperative one due to associated changes in the terms of trade. Thus, international trade is not always a threat to global environment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.