Background: Alcohol-induced lung damage may be associated with increased oxidative stress. Objective: Our aim was to investigate alcohol-induced changes in the biochemistry and histopathology of the lung. Methods: Rats were divided into two groups, a control group and an ethanol group. The ethanol group received 2 g/kg ethanol (total: 3 ml) intraperitoneally. The controls were given the same amount of saline via the same route. Three hours later, the rats were sacrificed, and blood and lung tissue samples were obtained. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the levels of erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH), tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Na+-K+ ATPase. Histopathologic evaluation of the lung tissues was also performed. Results: In the ethanol group, serum and tissue MDA levels and MPO activities were increased (p = 0.007, p = 0.001 and p = 0.000), and lung tissue Na+-K+ ATPase activities and erythrocyte GSH were decreased (p = 0.001 and p = 0.000) compared to the controls. Histopathologic examination demonstrated alveolocapillary thickening, alveolar degeneration, leukocyte infiltration and erythrocyte extravasation in the lungs of the ethanol group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that high-doseacute alcohol administration aggravates systemic and local oxidative stress leading to acute lung injury, ranging from mild pulmonary dysfunction to severe lung injury. It should be borne in mind that rapid onset of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may also be due to increased oxidative stress following alcohol abuse, especially when ischemic disturbances, e.g. coronary heart disease, acute ischemia of the extremities and traumatic accidents, are concomitantly present. Therefore, precautions against ARDS may prevent morbidity and mortality in alcohol-induced lung damage in at-risk patients.
Trapidil administration before reperfusion may have the potential to decrease the long-term histologic damage that occurs after experimental testicular torsion. Trapidil is used as an antianginal drug and additional clinical studies are required to elucidate the protective role of trapidil in patients with testicular torsion.
Tamoxifen citrate may be an alternative choice, as easy, to other treatment options in the treatment of chronic inflammatory condition to improve deteriorated bladder function. In addition, ER beta may have a role on chronic bladder inflammation in a rat chemical cystitis model.
Interferon-alpha has been used in various diseases at the reproductive ages. However, the effect of interferon-alpha on testicular histology has not been studied in literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of interferon alpha-2B on testicular histology including spermatogenesis in a rat model. Seventeen adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups: Six rats received 7.500 units (5 MIU/m2) of interferon alpha-2B (Intron), considered clinical treatment dose range. Six rats received 30.000 units (20 MIU/m2) of interferon alpha-2B (Intron), considered high treatment dose. Five rats served as a control group receiving 0.5 mL of saline injection. All injections were done intraperitoneally 3 times weekly for 3 weeks under inhalation anesthesia. All rats underwent bilateral orchiectomy 30 days after the experiment. Histological examination included the mean seminiferous tubular diameter (STD), germinal epithelial cell thickness (GECT), and testicular biopsy score (TBS). The mean STD was significantly lower in the low-dose interferon and high-dose interferon groups than in the control group (p = 0.008 and p = 0.004, respectively). The mean GECT was significantly lower in the low-dose interferon and high-dose interferon groups than in the control group (p = 0.008 and p = 0.004, respectively). The mean TBS was significantly lower in the low-dose interferon group (p = 0.05) and the high-dose interferon group (p = 0.01) than in the control group. The decreases in the mean values of the STD, GECT and TBS were not related to the interferon dose. Interferon alpha-2B may impair testicular histology even in clinical widely used treatment dose. Therefore, men at the reproductive ages should be fully informed for the use of interferon-alpha in the treatment of various diseases.
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