Increasing prostate volume contributes to urinary tract symptoms and may obscure prostate cancer detection. We investigated the association between obesity and prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA density among 753 men referred for prostate biopsy. Among men with a negative biopsy, prostate volume significantly increased approximately 25% from the lowest to highest body mass index (BMI), waist or hip circumference or height categories. PSA was 0.7 ng/ml lower with a high waist-to-hip ratio. These associations were less consistent among subjects diagnosed with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer. Our data suggest that obesity and height are independently associated with prostate volume.
Background-Oxidative stress is implicated in prostate cancer (PCa) by several lines of evidence. We studied the relationship between the level of F2-Isoprostanes (F2IP), a validated biomarker of oxidative stress, and PCa and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN).
BackgroundIonized calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) compete as essential messengers to
regulate cell proliferation and inflammation. We hypothesized that
inadequate Mg levels, perhaps relative to Ca levels (e.g. a high Ca/Mg
ratio) are associated with greater prostate cancer risk.Study DesignIn this biomarker sub-study of the Nashville Men's Health Study (NMHS),
we included 494 NMHS participants, consisting of 98 high-grade
(Gleason≥7) and 100 low-grade cancer cases, 133 prostate intraepithelial
neoplasia (PIN) cases, and 163 controls without cancer or PIN at biopsy.
Linear and logistic regression were used to determine associations between
blood Ca, Mg, and the Ca/Mg ratio across controls and case groups while
adjusting for potential confounding factors.ResultsSerum Mg levels were significantly lower, while the Ca/Mg ratio was
significantly higher, among high-grade cases vs. controls
(p = 0.04, p = 0.01,
respectively). Elevated Mg was significantly associated with a lower risk of
high-grade prostate cancer (OR = 0.26 (0.09, 0.85)). An
elevated Ca/Mg ratio was also associated with an increased risk of
high-grade prostate cancer (OR = 2.81 (1.24, 6.36)
adjusted for serum Ca and Mg). In contrast, blood Ca levels were not
significantly associated with prostate cancer or PIN.Mg, Ca, or Ca/Mg levels
were not associated with low-grade cancer, PIN, PSA levels, prostate volume,
or BPH treatment.ConclusionLow blood Mg levels and a high Ca/Mg ratio were significantly associated with
high-grade prostate cancer. These findings suggest Mg affects prostate
cancer risk perhaps through interacting with Ca.
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