This study aimed to identify the presence of Salmonella sp. in eggs sold in the market of Kendari. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared Salmonella sp. is a genus of bacteria that is a major cause of food borne illness in the entire world. Two factors that cause Salmonella sp. contained in eggs are internal and external factors that cause diarrhea or gastroenteritis. The sampling technique was done by purposive sampling, the population is the seller of eggs located in the market of Kendari city that is as much as 172 egg sellers with the sample size are 34 egg samples of chicken. In the process of planting samples on Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHIB) media, all positive samples were cloudy, indicating bacterial growth in the sample. Furthermore, bacteria were inoculated in Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA) medium which obtained negative results from 34 samples, no Salmonella sp. colony growth on SSA medium. So it can be concluded, the sample of chicken eggs in this study declared not contaminated by Salmonella sp.
Hands are the principal carriers of bacterial diseases, therefore very important to know that washing hands with soap or hand sanitizer is highly effective healthy behaviors to reduce bacteria in the palm. This study aimed to determine the total number of bacteria between washing hands with soap and hand sanitizer, also applying the results of these studies as a learning resource in bacteriology. The research design was the true experiment with pretest-posttest control group research design and laboratory examination. Analysis of data using paired t-test and independent sample t-test with α = 0.05. The result using paired t-test obtained t count= 2.48921> t 0.05 (14) = 2.14479 (with liquid soap), obtained t count= 2.32937> t 0.05 (14) = 2.14479 (with hand sanitizer). As for the comparison of the total number of bacteria include washing hands with soap and hand sanitizer using independent samples t-test obtained results there were differences in the total number of bacteria include washing hands with liquid soap and hand sanitizer with t count= 2.23755> t 0.05 ( 13) = 2.16037. That results showed hand sanitizer more effective to reduce the number of bacteria than the liquid soap, that was hand sanitizer 96% and liquid soap by 95%.
Digital literacy is critical in the current era of digitalization. Therefore, students are required to be digitally literate. This study aims to improve students’ digital literacy using an android-based e-module in chemical bonding. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a pre-experimental design that included a pretest and posttest for one group. For this study, 70 preservice teachers (10 males and 60 females) from the Department of Chemistry Education at a private university in Indonesia were recruited. The Digital Literacy Questionnaire (DLQ) was used to measure students’ digital literacy. To analyze the data, we used paired t-tests and N-gain. The results indicated a significant increase in digital literacy scores before and after treatment. Thus, it can be concluded that using an android-based e-module significantly enhances students’ digital literacy on chemical bonds. Due to its effectiveness, we recommend teachers use this e-module to elevate students’ academic performance, in general, in chemistry.
Fast food consumption today has become a habit of eating for the people in Indonesia. One of the popular fast food is meatballs, but nowadays often found the use of non-food additives in the meatballs, namely borax. The Indonesian Republic Food and Drug Administration has detected the abusive use of borax on food derived from various regions of Indonesia. Borax is a chemical compound derived from heavy metals, namely Boron and commonly used as an anti-fungal and wood preservative. This study aimed to determine the content of borax on meatballs that was sold in Anduonohu, Kendari City of Southeast Sulawesi. Type of research using total sampling conducted by observational descriptive by the qualitative method that was using the method of centrifugation and dry ash processing. The results showed that from 24 samples of meatballs located in Anduonohu, Kendari City, it was proven that none of the meatballs contained borax which could endanger the consumer's health which was marked by no change of green color when heated on the flame. Based on the results of the analysis can be concluded that all sellers of meatballs located in Anduonohu, Kendari City have the knowledge and good attitude. Knowledge and attitude level is one important factor in order to avoid pollution of toxin material. Meatball processing method in Anduonohu, Kendari City has fulfilled the requirement of Indonesian Republic Health Minister Regulation in 2015, Number: 722/Menkes/Per /IX/2015 about food, so people do not have to worry about consuming meatballs located in Anduonohu, Kendari City.
The aquatic environment contaminated with detergent waste in high concentrations can endanger the lives human and biota in the water. This study aimed to determine the decrease of BOD, COD and TSS content of laundry liquid waste by using filter media of silica sand, zeolite, and activated charcoal. Filter medium 1a can reduce BOD level from 98.6 mg/L to 58.80 mg/L (40.36%), while medium 1b can decrease BOD level to 21.20 mg/L (78.48%). It showed that media 1a had not fulfilled the quality standard of BOD of waste water that is 50 mg/L, while media 1b had fulfilled the standard of quality. Filter media 1a can decrease COD level from 210 mg/L to 78.80 mg/L (62.47%), whereas medium 1b can decrease COD to 25.60 mg/L (87.80%). This showed that media 1a and media 1b had met the quality standard of COD of waste water that is 100 mg/L. Filter media 1a can decrease TSS level from 465 mg/L to 122.5 mg/L (73.65%), whereas medium 1b can decrease TSS level to 52.3 mg/L (88.75%). This showed that media 1a and media 1b had met the quality standard of TSS of waste water that is 150 mg/L.
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