We have investigated the hydrogen storage properties of a ball-milled mixture of 3Mg(NH 2 ) 2 and 8LiH after first synthesizing Mg(NH 2 ) 2 by ball milling MgH 2 under an atmosphere of NH 3 gas at room temperature. The thermal desorption mass spectra of the mixture without any catalysts indicated that a large amount of hydrogen (∼7 wt %) was desorbed from 140 °C, and the desorption peaked at ∼190 °C under a heating rate of 5 °C/min with almost no ammonia emission. Moreover, the reversibility of the hydrogen absorption/desorption reactions was confirmed to be complete. The above results indicate that this system is one of the promising metal-N-H systems for hydrogen storage.
Kinetics of hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions was investigated on the MgH 2 composite doped with 1 mol% Nb 2 O 5 as a catalyst by ballmilling. The composite after dehydrogenation at 200 • C absorbed gaseous hydrogen of ∼4.5 mass% even at room temperature under lower pressure than 1 MPa within 15 s and finally its capacity reached more than 5 mass%. On the other hand, the catalyzed MgH 2 after rehydrogenation desorbed ∼6 mass% hydrogen at 160 • C under purified He flow, which followed the first order reaction. From the Kissinger plot, the activation energy for hydrogen desorption was estimated to be ∼71 kJ/mol H 2 , indicating the product was significantly activated due to the catalytic effect of Nb 2 O 5 .
After some metal amides M(NH 2) x such as LiNH 2 , NaNH 2 , Mg(NH 2) 2 and Ca(NH 2) 2 were synthesized by ball milling the corresponding metal hydrides MH x under ammonia atmosphere at room temperature, their thermal decomposition properties were examined, which play important roles for designing a new family of novel Metal-N-H systems. The results indicate that the kinetics of their synthesizing reactions are faster in the order of Na amide > Li amide > Ca amide > Mg amide, while both Mg(NH 2) 2 and Ca(NH 2) 2 decompose and emit NH 3 at lower temperature than LiNH 2 .
The Li-Mg-N-H system composed of 3 Mg(NH2)2 and 8 LiH reversibly desorbs/absorbs approximately 7 wt % of H2 at 120-200 degrees C and transforms into 4 Li2NH and Mg3N2 after dehydrogenation. In this work, the mechanism of the hydrogenation reaction from 4 Li2NH and Mg3N2 to 8 LiH and 3 Mg(NH2)2 was investigated in detail. Experimental results indicate that 4 Li2NH is first hydrogenated into 4 LiH and 4 LiNH2. At the next step, 4 LiNH2 decomposes into 2 Li2NH and 2 NH3, and the emitted 2 NH3 reacts with (1/2) Mg3N2 and produces the (3/2) Mg(NH2)2 phase, while the produced 2 Li2NH is hydrogenated into 2 LiH and 2 LiNH2 again. Such successive steps continue until all 4 Li2NH and Mg3N2 completely transform into 8 LiH and 3 Mg(NH2)2 by hydrogenation.
Hydrogen desorption and absorption properties of magnesium borohydride (Mg(BH4)2) were studied for three cycles. Effect of cobalt additives and their local structure upon cycling were investigated in detail.
a Hydrogen-fluorine exchange in the NaBH 4 -NaBF 4 system is investigated using a range of experimental methods combined with DFT calculations and a possible mechanism for the reactions is proposed. Fluorine substitution is observed using in situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD) as a new Rock salt type compound with idealized composition NaBF 2 H 2 in the temperature range T = 200 to 215 1C. Combined use of solid-state 19 F MAS NMR, FT-IR and DFT calculations supports the formation of a BF 2 H 2 complex ion, reproducing the observation of a 19 F chemical shift at 144.2 ppm, which is different from that of NaBF 4 at 159.2 ppm, along with the new absorption bands observed in the IR spectra. After further heating, the fluorine substituted compound becomes X-ray amorphous and decomposes to NaF at B310 1C. This work shows that fluorine-substituted borohydrides tend to decompose to more stable compounds, e.g. NaF and BF 3 or amorphous products such as closo-boranes, e.g. Na 2 B 12 H 12 . The NaBH 4 -NaBF 4 composite decomposes at lower temperatures (300 1C) compared to NaBH 4 (476 1C), as observed by thermogravimetric analysis. NaBH 4 -NaBF 4 (1 : 0.5) preserves 30% of the hydrogen storage capacity after three hydrogen release and uptake cycles compared to 8% for NaBH 4 as measured using Sievert's method under identical conditions, but more than 50% using prolonged hydrogen absorption time. The reversible hydrogen storage capacity tends to decrease possibly due to the formation of NaF and Na 2 B 12 H 12 . On the other hand, the additive sodium fluoride appears to facilitate hydrogen uptake, prevent foaming, phase segregation and loss of material from the sample container for samples of NaBH 4 -NaF.
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