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Summary In this paper, we present a satellite‐integrated 5G testbed that was produced for the EU‐commissioned Satellite and Terrestrial Networks for 5G (SaT5G) project. We first describe the testbed's 3GPP Rel. 15/6‐compliant mobile core and radio access network (RAN) that have been established at the University of Surrey. We then detail how satellite NTN UE and gateway components were integrated into the testbed using virtualization and software‐defined orchestration. The satellite element provides 5G backhaul, which in concert with the terrestrial/mobile segment of the testbed forms a fully integrated end‐to‐end (E2E) 5G network. This hybrid 5G network exercised and validated the four major use cases defined within the SaT5G project: cell backhaul, edge delivery of multimedia content, multicast and caching for media delivery and multilinking using satellite and terrestrial. In this document, we describe the MEC implementations developed to address each of the aforementioned use cases and explore how each MEC system integrates into the 5G network. We also provide measurements from trials of the use cases over a live GEO satellite system and indicate in each case the improvements that result from the use of satellite in the 5G network.

Transition metal-free C-3 functionalization of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones has recently emerged as modern sustainable protocol, as C-3 functionalized quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones offers robust applications in medicinal, pharmaceutical and agriculture industry. In recent times, various...

Transition metal‐free sulfenylation of C−H bonds for C−S bond formation has recently emerged as sustainable protocols for the functionalisation of various molecules. Researchers have extensively developed such protocols for the construction of biologically relevant sulfur scaffolds. There has been a gradual shift from metal‐catalyzed to metal‐free C−S bond formation methodologies, because the latter offer environmentally benign and inherently safe access to novel synthetic routes in organic chemistry. The present review offers a dynamic discussion on recent advances in transition metal‐free C−S bond formation via C−H bond functionalization using different surrogate sulfenylating reagents. The review has comprehensively been devoted to radical and ionic mechanistic approaches. Some simple and eco‐friendly reagents for sulfenylation viz. tertbutyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), iodine/potassium persulphate (I2/K2S2O8), inorganic bases, strong organic acids, iodine, I2/triphenyl phosphine (PPh3), N‐chlorosuccinamide (NCS), N‐bromosuccinamide (NBS), potassium iodate (KIO3), I2/bovine serum albumin (BSA), tetrabutyl ammonium iodide (TBAI)/HBr and graphene oxide along with their mechanistic approach has been detailed in this review. Moreover, modern methods for the C−S bond formation i. e., biocatalyst, electrochemical and visible light induced sulfenylation, and traditional sulfenylation methodologies have also been incorporated.